Tribunal Affairs: Tribunal Case(s): Sugar, Pineapple, et. als. Plantations Cases

Blog Post: RESPONSE TO "TERROR ERROR": The article "Native Hawaiian Violence - An Investigation Of Violence As A…; Added by Free Hawai`i at 3:00am on September 3, 2010

Blog Post: KAI 'ULA PETITION ENTRY: STATEHOOD: NEW YORK TIMES ARTICLE ON STATEHOOD

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Hawaii's 50th statehood anniversary is a touchy topic

The golden anniversary of the islands' statehood…; Added by Donna Burns at 7:40am on May 8, 2009

Topic: WARS AGAINST THE WORLD Affecting Hawaii, the U.S., and the World Today.....: Aina - Highlights to be Researched Further - by Amelia Gora, a Royal person (2012) The following information is posted for many researchers to gather up and research for themselves and to verify the facts found which shows who the real terrors were in the World through historical facts uncovered by studying the history of the Hawaiian Islands. Although the ancient people of our Hawaiian Islands have been around for 3,000+ years, scrutinizing the 1810 period of Kamehameha who had formed one of the many Monarchy governments in the World is a good start. 1810 - Kamehameha formed the Monarchy government. 1812 - Kamehameha with leaders of Aetearoa and the Samoan Islands formed the Pacific Empire, a democratic group united. 1818 - Kamehameha's oldest son Kaoleioku died. 1819 - Kamehameha, a makaula/seer died. He instructed his chiefs to set aside the kapu system. 1820 - American mercenaries/missionaries arrived. 1822 - Secret Treaty of Verona, a treaty/pact made by Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, with England, U.S. and the Vatican to break down Monarchy governments worldwide and to start a New World Order/ One World Order was made. See: 1916 - Congress Record - Sen. Owen Treaty of Verona 5 min - Jan 16, 2009 - Uploaded by ForgottenHistoryUSA books.google.com Because I can find no official online primary source for the 1916 Congressional Record, I have linked to a copy of "Where is ...www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UBXHSFr4bw More videos for secret treaty of verona 1824 - Liholiho/Kamehameha II and his wife Kamamalu died, exposed to disease, died in England. They had delivered the remains of England's Captain James Cook to England's government. Kauikeouli/Kamehameha III ruled. He secured the lands under the allodial system, which gave rights to the alii, people, the Konohiki, and "rights of native tenants" forever. Non natives - whites, foreigners were given "freehold" "fee simple" which were less than allodial titles. Exceptions were Kamehameha III's cousins who descended from Englishmen John Young, and Isaac Davis counselors of his father Kamehameha who married Alii women. 1875 - a Fraud Deed was made affecting Pearl Harbor and used in the Treaty of Reciprocity signed by King David Kalakaua who had no interest in the lands of Halawa which was conveyed to John Young's and Isaac Davis wife Grace Kamaikui. King Kalakaua deeded already deeded lands of Halawa which included Pearl Harbor to deceased ancestors Grace Kamaikui and Mataio Kekuanaoa. 1878 - Fear of the Japanese by the U.S. was documented. The Pacific Cable Company was formed by Charles Reed Bishop and Friends. Reference: CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF HAWAII, ABROAD, AND THE UNITED STATES by Amelia Gora and http://www.archive.org/details/valorofignorance00leahuoft for free download The valor of ignorance, with specially prepared maps : Lea, Homer ... Mar 18, 2010 ... The valor of ignorance, with specially prepared maps ([1909]). Author:Lea, Homer, 1876-1912. Subject: Eastern question (Far East); ...www.archive.org/details/ valorofignorance00leahuoft - Cached - Similar Many problems existed over the Pearl Harbor Reciprocity Treaty and criminally pursued by the U.S. representatives interested in taking over a neutral, non-violent, friendly nation. References: King Kalakaua's files on microfilm at the Archives, Main Library etc. under the title KING KALAKAUA'S HAWAII, etc. also researchs posted over time by Amelia Gora, and covering some of the other papers/thesis written by researchers, students moving towards their Masters/PhD., etc. 1892 - Treasonous persons in a concerted effort moved to dethrone Queen Liliuokalani - ranging from Senator Daniel Akaka's ancestor Thomas Akaka; U.S. President Obama's ancestors the Joseph Booth's; Lorrin Thurston making plans in Makua with American government Representative in Makua Valley, the same valley where the U.S. military blows up depleted uranium as if to rid the evidence of their crimes, etc. Masons/Freemasons arrived by the hundreds to help the plans along. 1893 - U.S. Congress with the U.S. President Benjamin Harrison gave a standing order to take over the Hawaiian Islands Reference: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00617FD345B1A738... PEARL HARBOR COALING STATION.; IMPERATIVE NECESSITY THAT THE ... OOO appropriated for the improvement of coaling stations to allow ships to enter theharbor. This sum is in the Treasury Department at the disposal of the ...query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res... - Similar 1894 - http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F50916F73F5515738... WOULD OCCUPY PEARL HARBOR.; President Said to Favor Establishing a ... ... fund of $250000 placed at his disposal to establish coaling stations for ...query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res... Show more results from nytimes.com and now I leave you with the DOOZEY................ There was no transfer of Halawa lands to the U.S. by our Hawaiian alii. but, in 1901, a Deed by the Oahu Railway and Land Company is on record as the first deed to the United States of America for 635 acres of Halawa on December 6, 1901 and recorded at the Bureau of Conveyances, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii on December 13, 1901. NOW, WHO'S CALLING WHO A TERRORIST? hmmm...................go research, dig, have fun........because now you will understand why the entity State of Hawaii are MAJOR PIRATES SUPPORTED BY THE PIRATES OF THE WORLD: the U.S., England, and the bankers (Morgan bankers, Bank of England, etc.) who departed from the Law of Nations, which Queen Liliuokalani documented that was breached by the U.S., and moved to form the CFR/Council on Foreign Relations which is the basis of the United Nations which moves to Plunder Upon All Nations and Divvy the assets, and form their One World Order/New World Order! Now, do your homework too............ nforming many because.............. Something STINKS...............(.and I know it's NOT ME) WICKED TO THE MAX! aloha. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =SpwSxHiiNSw 2:55 Add to Added to queue video lang: en Translate View original (Translation disabled) www.theiolani.blogspot.com Researcher (history, genealogy(ies), and legal), Writer, Editor, Publisher of the IOLANI - The Royal Hawk news on the web from Hawaii. The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the authorand do not necessarily reflect those of this website or its editors. ************************************************************************ OAHU RAILROAD SYSTEM IN COLLUSION WITH THE U.S. The Oahu Railway and Land Company, or OR&L, was a narrow gauge common carrier railroad that served much of the Hawaiian island of Oahu until its dissolution in 1947. Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 Early phase of OR&L 3 OR&L to World War II 4 OR&L and World War II 5 Postwar finale 6 Historic preservation 7 Steel guitar 8 References 9 Bibliography [edit]Origin The OR&L was founded by Benjamin Dillingham, a self-made businessman who arrived in Honolulu as a sailor in 1865. After falling from his horse and breaking his leg while riding in the countryside, Dillingham was forced to stay in Hawaii and recuperate. He decided to make the island kingdom his home. Dillingham had a great deal of business acumen and soon became quite wealthy and influential in the early Honolulu community. Among his development ideas, he conceived in the 1870s of the arid ʻEwa Plain as an excellent location for human settlement. However, there were two problems: a lack of water and, more significantly, a lack of transportation. A trip from Honolulu to the ʻEwa by horse-drawn wagon was an all-day affair. The key was to build a railroad. Around the time Dillingham was dreaming of his railroad, another businessman, James Campbell successfully dug ʻEwa's first artesian well in 1879, effectively solving the water problem. Campbell, who had purchased 40,000 acres (16,200 ha) of ʻEwa land thought he might start a cattle ranch, but quickly realized that ʻEwa's rich volcanic soil (which overlays a massive ancient coral reef) combined with year-round sunshine and a supply of water was ideal for growing sugar cane. Within a couple of years sugar plantations were sprouting up in this southwestern part of Oahu. The need for transportation between the harbor and ʻEwa was becoming essential. [edit]Early phase of OR&L While Dillingham's dream of large-scale settlement on the ʻEwa Plain would have to wait until the last decades of the twentieth century, his plan for a railroad to the area came together quickly. He leased Campbell's ʻEwa and Kahuku land to start two sugar plantations and obtained a government railroad charter from King David Kalākaua on September 11, 1888. After securing the capital, Dillingham broke ground in March 1889 with a goal of connecting the 12 miles (19 km) between Honolulu and ʻAiea (as demanded in the charter) by fall 1889. On November 16, 1889, the king's birthday, the OR&L officially opened, giving free rides to more than 4,000 curious people. By 1892 the line was 18.5 miles (29.8 km) long, reaching ʻEwa sugar mill, home of Dillingham's ʻEwa Plantation Company property. Although progress stalled during the chaos of the late Kingdom and early Republican periods, by 1895 the railroad had passed through what would become the junction of Waipahu, traversed the ʻEwa plain, and was skirting the Waiʻanae coast to a sugar mill there. After issuing gold bonds in January 1897 the company extended the railroad around Oahu's rugged Kaʻena Point to Haleiwa on the north shore by June 1897, where Dillingham built a hotel. By December 1898 the main line was complete, stretching past Waimea Bay and Sunset Beach all the way to Kahuku and the Kahuku sugar mill past the island's northernmost tip. Although a circle-island line was proposed, it was never seriously considered. In 1906 an 11-mile (18 km) branch line was constructed from Waipahu up the Waikakalua Gulch to Wahiawa and the pineapple fields of central Oahu. The railroad had taken its final shape. [edit]OR&L to World War II The OR&L was not only a sugar cane railroad. While it served several sugar mills and plantations, it also hauled end products, equipment and workers. The sugar plantations sometimes had their own lines. As a common carrier, the OR&L carried freight, passengers, mail and parcels. For instance, besides sugar and pineapples, the railroad hauled garbage from Honolulu to a dump on the Waiʻanae Coast, sand from Waiʻanae to Honolulu during the development of Waikiki, and served the major military bases:Pearl Harbor, Hickam Field, Barber's Point Naval Air Station, Schofield Barracks, and Wheeler Army Airfield. The railroad was profitable, even during the Great Depression, and was a significant mode of communications and transportation until the 1930s. As with railroads in the mainland, private automobiles and public roads led to a decline in traffic, especially passengers. Leading up toWorld War II the OR&L had all but abandoned its passenger operations, focusing on its profitable freight operations. [edit]OR&L and World War II World War II was arguably the OR&L's most important period, but would prove to be the company's undoing. After the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the OR&L became a major player in wartime transportation. The railroad carried out its regular freight operations as well as handling massive amounts of military-related traffic. The OR&L became the chief transporter of civilian base workers, sailors, soldiers, airmen and marines, both from Honolulu to their bases, or from those bases back to Honolulu for coveted R&R. In 1944 and 1945 the OR&L carried nearly two million riders. [edit]Postwar finale Oahu Railway and Land CompanyRight-of-Way U.S. National Register of Historic Places A portion of the track is preserved Nearest city: Nanakuli, Hawaii Coordinates: 21°21′14″N 158°1′40″W Coordinates: 21°21′14″N 158°1′40″W Area: 63 acres (25 ha) Built: 1889 Architectural style: Narrow gauge railroad track Governing body: U.S. Navy NRHP Reference#: 75000621[3] Added to NRHP: December 1, 1975 By the end of the war most of the rolling stock, right-of-way, and facilities were worn out. The company's executives pondered whether or not to continue operations. With the end of hostilities wartime traffic dried up. Moreover, Oahu's road network had been upgraded significantly, and thus for the first time there was serious road competition. The company plugged along for the remainder of 1945 and into 1946 transporting servicemen. Nevertheless, passenger traffic and gross revenues dropped more than fifty percent. The railroad's fate was sealed by the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake and the resulting 55-foot (17 m) tsunami that struck on April 1, 1946. Overlooked by most historians is the fact that from September 1, 1946, through November 18, 1946, 22,000 sugar workers struck 33 of Hawaii's 34 sugar plantations.[4] Only the Gay & Robinson Plantation on Kauai remained in operation—it was non-union and privately owned, and is one of only two that remain in operation today (the other is Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar on Maui). The strike had a major impact on Hawaii, and OR&L's freight dropped to record lows. Although the OR&L rebuilt the tracks destroyed by the tsunami and continued operations during the strike, the decision was made to shut down the entire operation at the end of that year. On December 31, 1947, a final excursion carrying company President Walter F. Dillingham (Benjamin Dillingham's son), along with numerous guests, departed from Kahuku behind American Locomotive Company steam engine number 70 through 71.4 miles (114.9 km) of countryside back to the Honolulu station.[5] The OR&L was finished after fifty-eight years. The OR&L replaced its railroad with a truck transport operation. Most of the system was dismantled in the years following the company's dissolution, although the double-tracked mainline from Honolulu to ʻAiea remained intact until around 1959. Four of the locomotives, 250 freight cars, and a huge quantity of track and supplies were sold to an El Salvadoran railroad in 1950. The Hibiscus & Heliconia Short Line Railroad (H&HSL RR) was formed in 1948 by local rail fans and modelers. Ben Dillingham gave the group a 1st class coach #47 and an observation car #48, formerly the private parlor car named Pearl. The Kahuku Plantation Co. allowed the group to use their tracks from near Kawela Bay toPunaluu. The group ran excursions infrequently, renting a steam locomotive from Kahuku Plantation. In 1950, the last steam locomotive was retired and the H&HSL RR then used one of two ex-Navy diesels. In 1954, the plantation abandoned its railroad in favor of trucks thus ending the H&HSL RR. Due to a lack of money and enthusiasm the group was unable to remove their two coaches from the property, so a plantation official had them torched. The OR&L's Honolulu harbor branch, renamed the Oahu Railway, was used until December 31, 1971 for industrial operations. It served a Kalihi stockyard (until 1961), but chiefly hauled incoming Molokai pineapples from the wharves to the Libby, McNeil and Libby and California Packing Corporation (Del Monte) canning plants. The final section of the line was taken over by the US Navy in 1950. The Navy, especially during the Korean Warand the Vietnam War, ran ammunition trains between the West Loch of the Pearl Harbor Naval Base, through the ʻEwa Plain, to the Lualualei Naval Ammunition Depot on the Waiʻanae coast, preserving one of the most famous and scenic stretches of the railroad. The Navy switched to trucks, and the railroad property was abandoned in 1970. [edit]Historic preservation In that same year a small group of railroad fans on Oahu learned of the abandonment and petitioned the Navy to turn the line and equipment over to them. This body became the Hawaiian Railway Society (HRS) in 1970. Nicholas Carter, a charter member of the HRS and one of its founders worked with others in the early 1970s, nominating the former OR&L mainline from ʻEwa to Nānākuli to the National Register of Historic Places. On December 1, 1975, U.S. Senator Hiram Fong reported that this had been done. Today the tracks are owned by the State of Hawaii, while the HRS is the line's caretaker. The HRS continues to maintain and extend the right-of-way while running excursion trains from its station in ʻEwa. Currently, trains are scheduled for Sunday afternoons, running past the new Second City of Kapolei, through the heart of the Koʻolina golf resort, and up the Waiʻanae Coast, presently only as far as Kahe Point. However, the tracks east of Fort Weaver Road have been pulled up, so trains can only operate on the line west of that. OR&L equipment preserved at Travel Town Three cars were preserved at Travel Town Museum in Griffith Park, California. Coach #1,combination car #36 and caboose #1, all built circa 1900 at the OR&L shops, were donated to the museum by the OR&L in 1953.[6] [edit]Steel guitar It is alleged that the steel guitar was invented by Joseph Kekuku when he picked up a railroad spike and slid along the strings of his guitar whilst walking beside the line in the 1880s, perhaps the line of this very railroad.[citation needed] [edit]References ^ (Chiddix & Simpson 2004, pp. 19–21) ^ (Chiddix & Simpson 2004, p. 260) ^ "National Register Information System" . National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. ^ Holmes, T. Michael (1994). "The Territory of Hawaii" . The Specter of Communism in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press. p. 37.ISBN 9780824815509. ^ (Chiddix & Simpson 2004, p. 312) ^ Notes On Your Visit to the Travel Town Museum. Travel Town Museum [edit]Bibliography Best, Gerald M. (1978), Railroads of Hawaii: Narrow and Standard Gauge Common Carriers, Golden West Books Chiddix, Jim; Simpson, MacKinnon (2004), Next Stop Honolulu, Honolulu: Sugar Cane Press, ISBN 0-9706213-1-0 Treiber, Gale E. (2003), Hawaiian Railway Album WWII Photographs, 1, The Railroad Press Treiber, Gale E. (2005), Hawaiian Railway Album WWII Photographs, 2, The Railroad Press [show] v d e U.S. National Register of Historic Places [hide] v d e Railroads of Hawaii Tourist HARX • Heritage railways in Kauai • KPRY • LKP Former AT&RC • HCR • HRR • HRT&LC • KHRR • KORY • KRY • OR&L • WHRY See also: List of United States railroads by political division [show] v d e Class I railroads of North America 1894 http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F50916F73F5515738DDDA80A94DB405B8485F0D3 U.S. in collusion with the Oahu Railway. 1901 Oahu Railway deeded Halawa lands to the U.S. Government. Oahu Railway did not have titles to the lands. 1947 Oahu Railway disbands. 1960 The Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project (HHCTCP) is the official name for the plan to construct an elevated rapid transit line serving theCity and County of Honolulu on the island of Oahu. Plans for a mass transitline to connect Honolulu's urban center with outlying areas began in the 1960s,[1] but funding was not approved until 2005.[2] The controversy over the rail line was the dominant issue for local politics leading into the 2008 Honolulu elections,[3] and culminated in a city charter amendment which left the final decision to the citizens of Oahu.[4] The amendment passed with 53% of voters in favor.[5] A ground-breaking ceremony to signal the beginning of construction was held on February 22, 2011.[6][7] The project, as planned, will construct an elevated rapid transit line from the edge of Kapolei, near the proposed site of the University of Hawaii-West Oahu campus, to Ala Moana Center. The line will pass through communities along southern Oahu, via Honolulu International Airport and downtown Honolulu. The plan also includes extensions west through Kapolei, and a link through Salt Lake. In addition, there will be extensions east to the University of Hawaii-Manoa campus and Waikiki.[8] The line will use 128 ft (39 m) trains carrying about 390 passengers each, similar in size to light rail systems elsewhere in the United States (such as the MAX in Portland, Oregon and the Gold Line in Los Angeles) as opposed to larger trains typically found on rapid transit systems like the New York City Subway.[9] 1970 Oahu Rail ended business in the Hawaiian Islands. …; Added by Amelia Gora at 1:52am on January 20, 2012

Comment on: Topic 'Continued Opposition to S.B. 1520, Akaka Bill, etc. and MORE EVIDENCE....': CROMBIE's venture held on the premises of Queen Liliuokalani's Home, which belongs to the Royal Families.............. All of You Will Need to Educate/Re-educate yourselves.............Kamehameha's descendants, including the descendants of Kamehameha II's wives descendants/heirs, Kamehameha III's hanai children/heirs, Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V's siblings descendants/heirs existed then and exist now.......... MAKA ALA ----Wake Up from Your Slumber...............or is it S L A V E R Y that you prefer? Need to reprogram all people here and the World ---- because many are stuck and suck in the criminal lies, deviant behaviors of the PIRATES, including the mercenaries/missionaries who helped to STEAL lands, claiming Royal Families Lands - people who think they own the Royal Families Lands.....repeating Kamehameha III's information: 1848 - King Kamehameha III had separated his private lands from those of the government to safeguard them from Western takeover. In debate in the Privy Council, June 6, 1848, G.P. Judd had stated that it was necessary for the King to divide his private lands from the lands of the government because, "If no explanation of this kind is made, it will mix matters later on, and some of the foreigners will come later on and say they have an interest in the lands too." Reference: California Law Review, Vol. 63:848, Neil M. Levy - Professor Levy traces the historical displacement of Native Hawaiians from their land and explores the problems of preserving the landholdings and cultural heritage of the Native Hawaiian Community. He suggests that the problems require legislative solutions similar to those afforded to Native Americans and Alaskan Natives. or maybe you really do want to be MAINTAINED as SLAVES ---see the article above and below: September 16, 1884: 80,000 American Citizens Held In Bondage - How Slaves are Obtained Throughout the World and Sold in the Sandwich Islands: "Mr. Benedick and twenty-nine others were "consigned" to Bishop & Jones plantation, which is known as the "Missionary Plantation." "This is owned by the Rev. Mr. Bishop and the Rev. M. Jones, two Methodist ministers, well known in the Islands. These men went out there as poor missionaries a few years ago, but are now enormously wealthy. Rev. Mr. Bishop is the leading banker of Honolulu, and employes a dozen clerks in his banking house alone, while the Rev. M. Jones still preaches the Gospel all over the Islands."When Mr. Benedick and his twenty-nine associates arrived at the plantation, they were conducted to a large building where between 200 and 300 men, women, and small children were congregated, and informed that these would be their quarters. There was but one room in the building, which was entirel open, so that a person standing in any part of the building could take in the whole room at a glance, and all ---men, women, and cildren---slept together, without bedding or covering of any kind. If they preferred they would sleep out in the open "corral" or stockade around the house. The climate being very mild, this can be doen with unpuity; still many would have referred to have clothes to wear, but these were difficult to obtain, and enormously expensive, as the labors are allowed only twenty-five cents for each full days work, while dues for the most trivial offenses, and dock-ages under various pretenses, are so outrageously enormous and frequent that all the laborers are kept heavily in debt, and unable to pay up, even by working unremittingly for years."Note: The people were kept naked. Contrary to most of the writings, this news article shows that the missionaries who leased lands from the Hawaiian Kingdom were breaking laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom during this period, because laws banning slavery was passed 13 years before the U.S. passed theirs shortly after the American Civil War ended in 1865. The Hawaiian Laws were passed in 1852.The slave vessels were anchored off island, and the people were transported at sea to their plantation destinations....Wicked.Reference: THE PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, SEPTEMBER 16, 1884 and SLAVERY IN HAWAII ?; Pettigrew Wants Labor Contracts Made Since ... The question of practical slavery in Hawaii, which every one thought had been settled, again took up the major part of the debate on the bill today, ...February 28, 1900 COOLIE LABOR IN HAWAII. I suppose, as Mr. Blackwcll dares advocate the return to slavery for the American people, for Chinese coolie labor is but little in advance of that ...December 30, 1902 As Sugar Fades, Hawaii Seeks a New Cash Crop The sugar economy created the plantation system of Hawaii and imported Asian and other laborers just as cotton brought African slaves to the ...August 9, 1996 - By CAREY GOLDBERG - National Desk TO AID HAWAIIAN "SLAVES."; Socialists Join Russians Here and Send ... ... that have taken up the cause of the Russian peasants, who, it is alleged, are being held in a state of slavery by the sugar planters of Hawaii. ...June 12, 1910 Mr. Robinson Argues Measure Would Make Slaves of Laborers. ... which he characterized as practical slavery, and which, he said, ... that you would crucify labor on the cross of landlordism and money in Hawaii. ...April 4, 1900 CONTRACT LABOR IN HAWAII.; A State Department Official Says This ... Theyare not exactly slaves, but they are in a of slavery. ... would afford the enterprising .american population of Hawaii all the opportunity for the ...August 14, 1897 A Wedding in Canada; Gay Couples Follow a Trail North Blazed by Slaves ... because the two men could not legally be married in Hawaii, ... ''As in the time of slavery, we can learn from the experience in Canada ...November 23, 2003 - By CLIFFORD KRAUSS - Week in Review Desk Pineapple, After Long Affair, Jilts Hawaii for Asian Suitors ... Pineapple, After Long Affair, Jilts Hawaii for Asian Suitors ... Private Island, " as though the residents were mere plantation slaves. ...December 26, 1991 - By ROBERT REINHOLD, - National Desk yet look at the dubious info: http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/198245/slavery_in_hawaii_d... 1 2 3 Slavery in Hawaii: Did Hawaii Ever Have African Slaves? ptosis, Yahoo! Contributor Network Apr 11, 2007 "Contribute content like this. Start Here." More: Human Sacrifice Print FlagClose 14 Helpful? Post a comment Housing refugees from the uncontrolled real estate speculation are criticized for their own financial collapse - excluded from the "deserving poor" because it's their own fault for "making bad choices." Segregated onto approved reservations called homeless shelters, the urban underclasses are the community's untouchables. Government efforts to reduce visible homelessness reduce the abject poor to the invisible class. The empty words of political rhetoric by helping with shelters but refusing to legislate more protective regulations of the real estate market is self evident pandering to the voters. Some states in the Union have regulations that are more protective in real estate than Hawai'i does. There is no limit on the increase of rentals or property taxes. Some states have laws that limit increases to no more than 10% per year. Hawai'i has a super heated real estate market due to scarcity and the local government is currently reaping a landslide in taxes. The prevailing political incumbency counts hotel rooms as normal "rental vacancies", inflating a surreal vacancy rate, in effect - turning down additional federal housing entitlement dollars. The average hotel room a night in Honolulu is $185. Modern Chattel Trade According to the International Organization for Migration, IOM, "over a million instances of human trafficking occur annually and is the third largest source of profits for transnational criminal organizations, behind drugs and weaponry." Although there is no data, Hawaii could be a site for modern-day servitude as a way station. In 2004 a Waipahu man was convicted of smuggling seven Tongan men, where the victims were underpaid or not at all and beaten repeatedly. In 2006, it was reported in June that contracted Micronesian workers, mistreated, denied pay and passports by their boat captains is legal because less than 7 crewmembers on a small boat with men contracted in other countries is legal - even though fishing in U.S. waters. Prev Page1234Next Page Published by ptosis View profile Working as a Background Talent on Showtime's The United States of Tara An interesting new weekly series on Showtime will air on January 18, 2009 called "United States of Tara." My daughter was hired as a background talent on one of the 13 upcoming... Human Trafficking Crimes Common in the US Human trafficking is slavery. Learn how to recognize and report it. The Biggest Money Machine Ever, in World History, is the Government of t... John Maynard Keynes Said that in the long run we are all dead. In the long run the United States government will own all the property and wealth of it's citizens as the result... Modern Day Slavery: Human Trafficking A research paper about human trafficking. Taken Movie Review Liam Neesen Maggie Grace Human Trafficking A glimpse into human trafficking and a man's fight to regain his daughter. United States Final Olympic Medal Count United States Women Advance to Gold Medal Match in Olympic Softball The Wasteland of the Great United States of America United States to Play for Gold Medal in Women's Soccer with Win Ove... Canadians Establishing Credit in the United States How Many People Are in the United States? Why the United States Will Fall to Second-World Status in the Next ... Resources Takeaways Did You Know wehewehe.org/ Kaua were used for human sacrifice at the luakini heiau. 1778 Captain Cook dropped anchor in Kealakekua Bay. Barack Obama was born in Honolulu Hawaii 8 Comments Post a Comment Fred 12/23/2009(continued) This is not to miss the role played by racial prejudice, and the current inequity in Hawaii that victimizes Hawaiians worst of all. But without fighting the root of the oppression, the social relations of wage labor and surplus value extraction, there will be no liberation for any of us. Capitalism will always mobilize race as one more tool to divide and conquer us all. Falling back to positions of cultural difference instead of the unity of a working class fighting to end class altogether, suits the ruling class just fine, as it has nothing to do with battling the power they hold over us, who must sell our labor to even survive. Fred 12/23/2009Is Hawaiian culture inherently morally superior to US culture? Was the Hawaiian class system benevolent while "racist manifest destiny" class systems are oppressive? Or do all class systems have to be upheld through force in the end? What if all class systems were identified as oppressive so that we might resist them along class lines, with the goal of eradicating class oppression? With such a view we could identify the process of the commodification of Hawaiian life ways by plantation owners and others as corrupt, and we could view the rigid class system of Hawaiian ali'i as corrupt too. There's no justification for the theft of Hawaii, but by retreating to a position defending one class system against another, we miss the chance for cross cultural resistance to the oppression of our current culture, the one we all live in, none of us by choice, the capitalist world system that oppresses people regardless of their nationality, gender, or ethnicity. This is not to miss the role ptosis 12/23/2009Thank you Kalani for your very informative post! I appreciate you taking such care and time and I am gratified for your input. Mahalo nui loa. Kalani N 12/20/2009(cont) What you quoted as "1870 it was published locally, "Today, with the breaking down of class barriers, members of the slave class are indistinguishable from the ruling classes." (Kepelino, 142-147; Kamakau, Ke Au Okoa, November 3, 1870.)" is incorrect. In Martha Beckwith's book "Hawaiian Mythology", page 300 it talks about the origin of the slave class. What you quoted was her writing, not Kepelino's. Within that whole large paragraph which you only quoted part of the very first sentence, she later cites Kepelino's "Tradition of Hawaii" but referring to the fact that the term kauwa is also used to show respect to a superior or to show affection as of an older relative to a younger. That is the part that she cites Kepelino, of which on that page is also followed by Kamakau's article printed in Ke Au Okoka dated November 3, 1870. Kalani N 12/20/2009(cont) Ulukau.org has an online database of the old newspapers of the Kingdom. If you look up what you quoted in your article of Kepelino quoting Kamakau's article in Ke Au Okoa dated Nov. 3, 1870, in Kamakau's article he talks of the different classes of people. He mentions Papa Kahuna (priestly class), Papa Kaula (prophets), Papa Kanaka (mankind), and Papa Kauwa (servant class). Under the Papa Kauwa it explained the different types including the one I mentioned - papa kuamoo, which is those slightly high ranking chiefly class that are able to interact with the highest ranking chiefs. The translation would be "A chief or retainer might call himself a kauwa in order to humble himself before his superior or his ruler although he was not really a kauwa; or a server of teh chief, related to him by birth, might be called a kauwa..." What you quoted as "1870 it was published locally, "Today, with the breaking down of class barriers, members of the slave class are indistinguishable fr Kalani N 12/20/2009Seems like the article is trying the typical picture of Hawaiians as oppressors & that we should be viewed as imperialists, particularly with the incorrect data time line where emanicipation of slaves in 1852. Unlike the racist country that was founded on Manifest Destiny, the Hawaiian Kingdom, or the alii of ancient Hawaii never enslaved groups of people of another country or nation. "Kaua" formerly written as "kauwa" is incorrectly translated as "slave" whereas the real meaning of it is "servant". Many of my ancestors were kaua (servants) to the higher ranking alii, but that's because they were born into that class. In order to serve the highest ranking alii, you had to have some rank, but due to their devotion, they were affectionately known as the kauwa to the alii. In Layman's terms, the seargent & lieutenants were the only ones who could approach the head of state. So to make a comparison of "human trafficking" is grossly exaggerating. Ulukau.org has an online databa Amy Hashimoto 08/23/2009awesome info. Amy Hashimoto 08/23/2009awesome info. Comments 1 - 8 (of 8) This is what Americans thought of Hawaiians back then, etc. and our people remained a neutral, non-violent, friendly nation................think about it when they had "Kill Hawaiian Day", etc. : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDTZ7iX4vTQ p.s. hand delivered, served the legal documents to the entity State of Hawaii Attorney Generals Office for Neil Abercrombie, et. als. today, July 8, 2011, 12:07, 25 pages...........aloha.…; Added by Amelia Gora at 11:50pm on July 8, 2011

Blog Post: [ Click to View ]: The value of studying HISTORY is to learn what REALLY happened and WHY. The true history of Hawaii is out there for all to read. I'd start with the Queen's Story, but Queen Lili'uokalani. Puts…; Added by Donna Burns at 6:56pm on August 20, 2009

Topic: The Good vs. the Bad, and the VERY UGLY: Oppositions to Annexation, etc. vs. the Pirates, Privateers, Parasites Activities Today: ocs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2JkZjMxMzEtMDIyNi00YW... 1897 - Annexation Opposition by Queen Liliuokalani found by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano: https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wOGJmZjg4MmQtNWRjMS00NT...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wOGJmZjg4MmQtNWRjMS00NT...Annexation Opposition (page 2) https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNWVlMTc0MjEtZWZiZS00Y2...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNWVlMTc0MjEtZWZiZS00Y2...Annexation Opposition (page 3) https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wY2RjYzZmNjQtMjUxYi00Zm...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wY2RjYzZmNjQtMjUxYi00Zm...Annexation Opposition (page 4) https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNmY2Mzk3ZTctZDEyMy00Yz...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wNmY2Mzk3ZTctZDEyMy00Yz...15) The Hawaiian Disgrace http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70A1FF7345D11738...http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70A1FF7345D11738...16) Shameful Conspiracy https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2Y2YjAwOTItOTEwMC00Mz...https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2Y2YjAwOTItOTEwMC00Mz... Vs. Annexation Murderers Teaching With Documents:The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii Background When the Hawaiian islands were formally annexed by the United States in 1898, the event marked end of a lengthy internal struggle between native Hawaiians and white American businessmen for control of the Hawaiian government. In 1893 the last monarch of Hawaii, Queen Lili'uokalani, was overthrown by party of businessmen, who then imposed a provisional government. Soon after, President Benjamin Harrison submitted a treaty to annex the Hawaiian islands to the U.S. Senate for ratification. In 1897, the treaty effort was blocked when the newly-formed Hawaiian Patriotic League, composed of native Hawaiians, successfully petitioned the U.S. Congress in opposition of the treaty. The League's lobbying efforts left only 46 Senators in favor of the resolution, less than the 2/3 majority needed for approval of a treaty. The League's victory was shortlived, however as unfolding world events soon forced the annexation issue to the fore again. With the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine in February of 1898 signaling the start of the Spanish American War, establishing a mid-Pacific fueling station and naval base became a strategic imperative for the United States. The Hawaiian islands were the clear choice, and this time Congress moved to annex the Hawaiian islands by Joint Resolution, a process requiring only a simple majority in both houses of Congress. On July 12, 1898, the Joint Resolution passed and the Hawaiian islands were officially annexed by the United States. The Hawaiian islands had a well-established culture and long history of self-governance when Captain James Cook, the first European explorer to set foot on Hawaii, landed in 1778. The influence of European and American settlers quickly began to alter traditional ways of life. Originally governed by individual chiefs or kings, the islands united under the rule of a single monarch, King Kamehameha, in 1795, less than two decades after Cook's arrival. Later the traditional Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in favor of a constitutional monarchy. Eventually, the monarchy itself was abandoned in favor of a government elected by a small group of enfranchised voters, although the Hawaiian monarch was retained as the ceremonial head of the government. Even elements of daily life felt the social and economic impact of the white planters, missionaries and businessmen. The landholding system changed, and many aspects of traditonal culture were prohibited including teaching the Hawaiian language and performing the native Hula dance. In 1887, the struggle for control of Hawaii was at its height as David Kalakaua was elected to the Hawaiian throne. King Kalakaua signed a reciprocity treaty with the United States making it possible for sugar to be sold to the U.S. market tax-free, but the haole - or "white" - businessmen were still distrustful of him. They criticized his ties to men they believed to be corrupt, his revival of Hawaiian traditions such as the historic Hula, and construction of the royal Iolani Palace. A scandal involving Kalakaua erupted in the very year he was crowned, and it united his opponents, a party of businessmen under the leadership of Lorrin Thurston. The opposition used the threat of violence to force the Kalakua to accept a new constitution that stripped the monarchy of executive powers and replaced the cabinet with members of the businessmen's party. The new constitution, which effectively disenfranchised most native Hawaiian voters, came to be known as the "Bayonet Constitution" because Kalakaua signed it under duress. When King Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister Lili'uokalani succeeded him, and members of the native population persuaded the new queen to draft a new constitution in an attempt to restore native rights and powers. The move was countered by the Committee on Annexation, a small group of white businessmen and politicians who felt that annexation by the United States, the major importer of Hawaiian agricultural products, would be beneficial for the economy of Hawaii. Supported by John Stevens, the U.S. Minister to Hawaii, and a contingent of Marines from the warship, U.S.S. Boston, the Committee on Annexation overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani in a bloodless coup on January 17, 1893 and established a revolutionary regime. Without permission from the U.S. State Department, Minister Stevens then recognized the new government and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate. The Committee immediately proclaimed itself to be the Provisional Government. President Benjamin Harrison signed a treaty of annexation with the new government, but before the Senate could ratify it, Grover Cleveland replaced Harrison as president and subsequently withdrew the treaty. Shortly into his presidency, Cleveland appointed James Blount as a special investigator to investigate the events in the Hawaiian Islands. Blount found that Minister Stevens had acted improperly and ordered that the American flag be lowered from Hawaiian government buildings. He also ordered that Queen Lili'uokalani be restored to power, but Sanford Dole, the president of the Provisional Government of Hawaii, refused to turn over power. Dole successfully argued that the United States had no right to interfere in the internal affairs of Hawaii. The Provisional Government then proclaimed Hawaii a republic in 1894, and soon the Republic of Hawaii was officially recognized by the United States. The overthrow of Lili'uokalani and imposition of the Republic of Hawaii was contrary to the will of the native Hawaiians. Native Hawaiians staged mass protest rallies and formed two gender-designated groups to protest the overthrow and prevent annexation. One was the Hui Hawaii Aloha Aina, loosely translated as the Hawaiian Patriotic League, and the other was its female counterpart, the Hui Hawaii Aloha Aina o Na Wahine. On January 5, 1895, the protests took the form of an armed attempt to derail the annexation but the armed revolt was suppressed by forces of the Republic. The leaders of the revolt were imprisoned along with Queen Lili'uokalani who was jailed for failing to put down the revolt. In March of 1897, William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States. McKinley was in favor of annexation, and the change in leadership was soon felt. On June 16, 1897, McKinley and three representatives of the government of the Republic of Hawaii --Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch, and William Kinney-- signed a treaty of annexation. President McKinley then submitted the treaty to the U.S. Senate for ratification. The Hui Aloha Aina for Women and the Hui Aloha Aina for Men now organized a mass petition drive. They hoped that if the U.S. government realized that the majority of native Hawaiian citizens opposed annexation, the move to annex Hawaii would be stopped. Between September 11 and October 2, 1897, the two groups collected petition signatures at public meetings held on each of the five principal islands of Hawaii. The petition, clearly marked "Petition Against Annexation" and written in both the Hawaiian and English languages, was signed by 21,269 native Hawaiian people, or more than half the 39,000 native Hawaiians and mixed-blood persons reported by the Hawaiian Commission census for the same year. Four delegates, James Kaulia, David Kalauokalani, John Richardson, and William Auld, arrived in Washington, DC on December 6 with the 556-page petition in hand. That day, as they met with Queen Lili'uokalani, who was already in Washington lobbying against annexation, the second session of the 55th Congress opened. The delegates and Lili'uokalani planned a strategy to present the petition to the Senate. The delegation and Lili'oukalani met Senator George Hoar, chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on the following day, and on December 9, with the delegates present, Senator Hoar read the text of the petition to the Senate. It was formally accepted. The next day the delegates met with Secretary of State John Sherman and submitted a formal statement protesting the annexation to him. In the following days, the delegates met with many senators, voicing opposition to the annexation. By the time the delegates left Washington on February 27, 1898, there were only 46 senators willing to vote for annexation. The treaty was defeated in the Senate. Other events brought the subject of annexation up again immediately. On February 15, 1898, the U.S. Battleship Maine was blown up in Havana harbor in Cuba. The ensuing Spanish-American War, part of which was fought in the Philippine Islands, established the strategic value of the Hawaiian islands as a mid-Pacific fueling station and naval installation. The pro-annexation forces in Congress submitted a proposal to annex the Hawaiian Islands by joint resolution, which required only a simple majority vote in both houses. This eliminated the 2/3 majority needed to ratify a treaty, and by result, the necessary support was in place. House Joint Resolution 259, 55th Congress, 2nd session, known as the "Newlands Resolution," passed Congress and was signed into law by President McKinley on July 7, 1898. Once annexed by the United States, the Hawaiian islands remained a U.S. territory until 1959, when they were admitted to statehood as the 50th state. The story of the annexation is a story of conflicting goals as the white businessmen struggled to obtain favorable trade conditions and native Hawaiians sought to protect their cultural heritage and maintain a national identity. The 1897 Petition by the Hawaiian Patriotic League stands as evidence that the native Hawaiian people objected to annexation, but because the interests of the businessmen won out, over the coming decades most historians who wrote the history of Hawaii emphasized events as told by the Provisional Government and largely neglected the struggle of the Native Hawaiians. Today, there is a growing movement on the Islands to revive interest in the native Hawaiian language and culture. Primary sources such as this petition bear witness that there is another side to the story. The annexation petition with its voluminous signatures, along with many related records, is filed in the Records of the U.S. Senate, Record Group 46, at the National Archives and Records Administration. The petitions are available on microfilm as publication M1897. Resource Silva, Noenoe K. Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism.. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004, pages 123-163. The Documents The 1897 Petition Against The Annexation of Hawaii Page 6 of Men's Petition Against Annexation of HawaiiSeptember 11, 1897 Click to Enlarge Record Group 46Records of the U.S. SenateNational Archives and Records Administration Page 22 of Women's Petition Against Annexation of HawaiiSeptember 11, 1897 Click to Enlarge Record Group 46Records of the U.S. SenateNational Archives and Records Administration Image Top Right: "Lahaina, Maui, T.H. - Formerly the Capital"Department of Commerce and Labor. Lighthouse Board. 12th Lighthouse District. (1903 - 1913) RG 26: Records of the United States Coast Guard [USCG], 1785 - 1988 Article Citation Schamel, Wynell and Charles E. Schamel. "The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii." Social Education63, 7 (November/December 1999): 402-408. Ref: http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition/ and KANA'IOLOWALU Act 195 SECTION 1. The legislature finds that the State has never explicitly acknowledged that Native Hawaiians are the only indigenous, aboriginal, maoli population of Hawai‘i. Native Hawaiians are the indigenous, native people of the Hawaiian archipelago and are a distinctly native community. From its inception, the State has had a special political and legal relationship with the Native Hawaiian people and has continually enacted legislation for the betterment of their condition. In section 5(f) of the Admission Act of 1959, Congress created what is commonly known as the ceded lands trust. The ceded lands trust, consisting of lands, including submerged lands, natural resources, and the proceeds from the disposition or use of those lands – purportedly ceded to the United States by the Republic of Hawai‘i – is for five purposes, one of which remains the betterment of the conditions of native Hawaiians.At the 1978 Constitutional Convention, the delegates proposed a constitutional amendment to establish the office of Hawaiian affairs. The amendment was ratified by the voters on November 7, 1978, and codified as article XII, sections 5 and 6 of the Hawai‘i State Constitution, and in chapter 10, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes. The State’s designation of the office of Hawaiian affairs as a trust vehicle to act on behalf of Native Hawaiians until a Native Hawaiian governing entity could be reestablished reaffirmed the State’s obligations to the Native Hawaiian people. Delegates to the 1978 Constitutional Convention further proposed to amend the Hawai‘i State Constitution to affirm protection of all “rights, customarily and traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural and religious purposes and possessed by ahupua‘a tenants who are descendants of native Hawaiians who inhabited the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778…” Moreover, state law also specifically protects Hawaiians’ ability to practice their traditional and customary rights. The federal and state courts have continuously recognized the right of the Native Hawaiian people to engage in customary and traditional practices on public lands.In 1993, the United States formally apologized to Native Hawaiians for the United States’ role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom through Public Law 103-150 (107 Stat. 1510), commonly known as the “Apology Resolution”. The Apology Resolution acknowledges that the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and further acknowledges that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through a Treaty of Annexation or through a plebiscite or referendum. The Apology Resolution expresses the commitment of Congress and the President to acknowledge the ramifications of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and to support reconciliation efforts between the United States and Native Hawaiians. Pursuant to the Apology Resolution, the United States Departments of Justice and the Interior conducted reconciliation hearings with the Native Hawaiian people in 1999 and issued a joint report entitled, “From Mauka to Makai: The River of Justice Must Flow Freely”, which identified promoting the reorganization of a Native Hawaiian government as a priority recommendation for continuing the process of reconciliation. To further this process of reconciliation, Congress created the Office of Native Hawaiian Relations within the Department of the Interior, to consult with Native Hawaiians on the reconciliation process. In December 2010, the Departments of Justice and the Interior reaffirmed the federal support for the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2010. This reaffirmation recognized that Native Hawaiians are the only one of the nation’s three major indigenous peoples who currently lack a formal government-to-government relationship with the United States. The United States became a charter member of the United Nations in 1945. The United States submitted Hawai‘i as a territory of the United States to be listed as a non-self-governing territory entitled to self-government under Article 73, Charter of the United Nations, via United Nations General Assembly Resolution 66 (1946), although it was later de-listed at the time of statehood. Also in December 2010, the United States endorsed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which acknowledged, among other things: ARTICLE 3 — Indigenous peoples have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The United States’ endorsement of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples included recognition of its support not only for the Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2010 but also many additional laws for Native Hawaiians such as the National Historic Preservation Act, the Native Hawaiian Education Act, the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Native Hawaiians have continued to maintain their separate identity as a single, distinctly native political community through cultural, social, and political institutions and have continued to maintain their rights to self-determination, self-governance, and economic self-sufficiency. The State has supported the reorganization of a Native Hawaiian governing entity. It has supported the Sovereignty Advisory Council, the Hawaiian Sovereignty Advisory Commission, the Hawaiian Sovereignty Elections Council, and Native Hawaiian Vote, and the convening of the Aha Hawai‘i ‘Oiwi (the Native Hawaiian Convention). The legislature has adopted various resolutions during its regular sessions throughout the 1990s and 2000s. The Governor has testified before Congress regarding the State’s support for Native Hawaiians as the indigenous people of Hawai‘i with the right to selfgovernment. Recognizing the likelihood of a reorganized Native Hawaiian governing entity, the State has also provided for the transfer of the management and control of the island of Kahoolawe and its waters to the sovereign Native Hawaiian entity upon its recognition by the United States and the State of Hawai‘i. The purpose of this Act is to recognize Native Hawaiians as the only indigenous, aboriginal, maoli population of Hawai‘i. It is also the State’s desire to support the continuing development of a reorganized Native Hawaiian governing entity and, ultimately, the federal recognition of Native Hawaiians. The legislature urges the office of Hawaiian affairs to continue to support the self-determination process by Native Hawaiians in the formation of their chosen governmental entity. SECTION 2. The Hawai‘i Revised Statutes is amended by adding a new chapter to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: CHAPTER NATIVE Hawaiian RECOGNITION Statement of recognition. The Native Hawaiian people are hereby recognized as the only indigenous, aboriginal, maoli people of Hawai‘i. Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to provide for and to implement the recognition of the Native Hawaiian people by means and methods that will facilitate their self-governance, including the establishment of, or the amendment to, programs, entities, and other matters pursuant to law that relate, or affect ownership, possession, or use of lands by the Native Hawaiian people, and by further promoting their culture, heritage, entitlements, health, education, and welfare. Native Hawaiian roll commission. (a) There is established a five-member Native Hawaiian roll commission within the office of Hawaiian affairs for administrative purposes only. The Native Hawaiian roll commission shall be responsible for:(1) Preparing and maintaining a roll of qualified Native Hawaiians; and(2) Certifying that the individuals on the roll of qualified Native Hawaiians meet the definition of qualified Native Hawaiians. For purposes of establishing the roll, a “qualified Native Hawaiian” means an individual who the commission determines has satisfied the following criteria and who makes a written statement certifying that the individual: (A) Is: (i) An individual who is a descendant of the aboriginal peoples who, prior to 1778, occupied and exercised sovereignty in the Hawaiian islands, the area that now constitutes the State of Hawai‘i; or (ii) An individual who is one of the indigenous, native people of Hawai‘i and who was eligible in 1921 for the programs authorized by the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, or a direct lineal descendant of that individual;(B) Has maintained a significant cultural, social, or civic connection to the Native Hawaiian community and wishes to participate in the organization of the Native Hawaiian governing entity; and(C) Is eighteen years of age or older. (b) No later than one hundred eighty days after the effective date of this chapter, the governor shall appoint the members of the Native Hawaiian roll commission from nominations submitted by qualified Native Hawaiians and qualified Native Hawaiian membership organizations. For the purposes of this subsection, a qualified Native Hawaiian membership organization includes an organization that, on the effective date of this Act, has been in existence for at least ten years, and whose purpose has been and is the betterment of the conditions of the Native Hawaiian people. In selecting the five members from nominations submitted by qualified Native Hawaiians and qualified Native Hawaiian membership organizations, the governor shall appoint themembers as follows: 1) One member shall reside in the county of Hawai‘i;2) One member shall reside in the city and county of Honolulu;3) One member shall reside in the county of Kauai;4) One member shall reside in the county of Maui; and5) One member shall serve at-large. (c) A vacancy on the commission shall not affect the powers of the commission and shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. (d) Members of the commission shall serve without compensation but shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence while away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of services for the commission. (e) The commission, without regard to chapter 76, may appoint and terminate an executive director and other additional personnel as are necessary to enable the commission to perform the duties of the commission. (f) The commission may fix the compensation of the executive director and other commission personnel. (g) The commission may procure temporary and intermittent services. Notice of qualified Native Hawaiian roll. (a) The commission shall publish notice of the certification of the qualified Native Hawaiian roll, update the roll as necessary, and publish notice of the updated roll of qualified Native Hawaiians. (b) The publicationof the initial and updated rolls shall serve as the basis for the eligibility of qualified Native Hawaiians whose names are listed on the rolls to participate in the organization of the Native Hawaiian governing entity. Native Hawaiian convention. The publication of the roll of qualified Native Hawaiians, as provided in section -4, is intended to facilitate the process under which qualified Native Hawaiians may independently commence the organization of a convention of qualified Native Hawaiians, established for the purpose of organizing themselves. Dissolution of the Native Hawaiian roll commission. The governor shall dissolve the Native Hawaiian roll commission upon being informed by the Native Hawaiian roll commission that it has published notice of any updated roll of qualified Native Hawaiians, as provided in section -4, and thereby completed its work. No diminishment of rights or privileges. Nothing contained in this chapter shall diminish, alter, or amend any existing rights or privileges enjoyed by the Native Hawaiian people that are not inconsistent with this chapter. Reaffirmation of delegation of federal authority; governmental authority and power; negotiations. (a) The delegation by the United States of authority to the State of Hawai‘i to address the conditions of the indigenous, native people of Hawai‘i contained in the Act entitled “An Act to Provide for the Admission of the State of Hawai‘i into the Union”, approved March 18, 1959 (Public Law 86-3), is reaffirmed. (b) Consistent with the policies of the State of Hawai‘i, the members of the qualified Native Hawaiian roll, and their descendants, shall be acknowledged by the State of Hawai‘i as the indigenous, aboriginal, maoli population of Hawai‘i. Disclaimer. Nothing in this chapter is intended to serve as a settlement of any claims against the State of Hawai‘i, or affect the rights of the Native Hawaiian people under state, federal, or international law.” SECTION 3. The Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, shall be amended, subject to approval by the United States Congress, if necessary, to accomplish the purposes set forth in this Act in a manner that is expeditious, timely, and consistent with the current needs and requirements of the Native Hawaiian people and the current beneficiaries of the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920. SECTION 4. Funding for the Native Hawaiian roll commission shall be provided by the office of Hawaiian affairs. SECTION 5. The Native Hawaiian roll commission, in cooperation with the office of Hawaiian affairs, shall report to the governor and the legislature no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2012, on the status of the preparation of a roll of qualified Native Hawaiians, expenditures related to the responsibilities of the Native Hawaiian roll commission, and any concerns or recommendations as deemed appropriate by the Native Hawaiian roll commission. SECTION 6. If any provision of this Act, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the Act, which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Act are severable. SECTION 7. This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before its effective date. SECTION 8. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. ************************************** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ePu9e8ARlU No Treaty, No Law, No Land Hawaii is not legally a state! It is easy to find the courage necessary to support a moral position if that position benefits oneself. True moral courage, however, is proven when one chooses to support that which is morally and ethically right even when such a position is to one's one detriment. The people of the United States find themselves in such a position right now, forced to choose between a moral and ethical position that carries with it the potential for "inconvenience", or supporting the status quo and having to admit to themselves that they are not the champions of justice they imagine themselves to be. By the end of this article, you will know for yourself which one you are. Most folks have heard that Hawaii is a state, one of the United States of America. Most people, including those who live in Hawaii, accept that statement as a fact. But the reality is that in a world in which nations are as bound by the rule of laws as are the citizens of nations (if not more so), the truth is quite different! The truth is that each and every step along Hawaii's path from sovereign and independent nation, to annexed territory, to state, was done in violation of laws and treaties then in effect, without regard to the wishes of the Hawaiian people. Many people, including President Grover Cleveland, opposed the annexation of Hawaii. But in the end, simple greed and military interest overrode any concerns or moral right and legality. Hawaii's legitimate government was toppled using threat of American military force. Hawaii was stolen from her people for the benefit of wealthy American plantation owners and military interests, and the justifications for the crime were invented after-the-fact. Hawaii's government was overthrown on Jan. 17, 1893, by a relatively small group of men, most of them American by birth or heritage, who seized control of the Islands with the backing of American troops sent ashore from a warship in Honolulu Harbor. To this "superior force of the United States of America," Queen Lili`uokalani yielded her throne, under protest, in order to avoid bloodshed, trusting that the United States government would right the wrong that had been done to her and the Hawaiian people. Who were this group of American men and why did they overthrow the government? Sugar! Workers in the cane fields. The use of whips was common. Sugar was by far the principal support of the islands, and profits and prosperity hinged on favorable treaties with the United States, Hawaiian sugar's chief market, creating powerful economic ties. The plantation owners were, for the most part, the descendents of the original missionary families who had brought religion to the islands in the wake of the whaling ships. As ownership of private property came to the islands, the missionary families wound up owning a great deal of it! Hawaii has little in the way of mineral wealth, so the land was useful only for agriculture. In a day when unrefridgerated sailing ships such as Captain Matson's "Falls Of Clyde" were the only means to ship produce to the US Mainland, sugar, and to a lesser extent coconuts, were the only produce which could survive the duration of the sea voyage. Clipper ships at anchor in Honolulu harbor. But the United States had, in 1826, recognized Hawaii as a sovereign nation in its own right, and imposed the usual import tariffs on sugar coming from the islands. This cut into the profits of the sugar plantations. Indeed, being American citizens themselves, the plantation owners were rankled by the fact that the US government actually made more profit from their sugar then the plantation owners themselves did! To evade the tariff, it became necessary to the plantation owners that Hawaii cease being a separate and sovereign nation. In 1887, during the reign of Lili`uokalani' s brother, King Kalakaua, a group of planters and businessmen, seeking to control the kingdom politically as well as economically, formed a secret organization, the Hawaiian League. Membership (probably never over 400, compared to the 40,000 Native Hawaiians in the kingdom) was predominantly American, led by Lorrin A. Thurston, a lawyer and missionary grandson. Lorrin A. Thurston Their goal, for now, was to "reform" the monarchy. But what was "reform" to the Americans was treason to the people of Hawaii, who loved and respected their monarchs. It is important to recall that, unlike the hereditary rulers of Europe, Hawaii's last two Kings were actually elected to that office by democratic vote. Kalakaua and his sister Lili`uokalani were well-educated, intelligent, skilled in social graces, and equally at home with Hawaiian traditions and court ceremony. Above all, they were deeply concerned about the well-being of the Hawaiian people and maintaining the independence of the kingdom. They saw no reason to relinquish their independence solely to make already rich Americans richer still. The Hawaiian League's more radical members favored the king's abdication, and one even proposed assassination. But they decided that the king would remain on the throne but with his power sharply limited by a new constitution of their making. Killing him would be a last resort if he refused to agree. Many Hawaiian League members belonged to a volunteer militia, the Honolulu Rifles, which was officially in service to the Hawaiian government, but was secretly the Hawaiian League's military arm. The Honolulu Rifles. Kalakaua was compelled to accept a new Cabinet composed of league members, who presented their constitution to him for his signature at `Iolani Palace. The reluctant king argued and protested, but finally signed the document, which became known as the Bayonet Constitution, as in "signed at the point of". As one Cabinet member noted, "Little was left to the imagination of the hesitating and unwilling sovereign, as to what he might expect in the event of his refusal to comply with the demands made upon him." Iolani Palace, home of the Hawaiian monarchs. This building had electricity and telephones ten years before the White House did. The Bayonet Constitution greatly curtailed the king's power, making him a mere figurehead. It placed the actual executive power in the hands of the Cabinet, whose members could no longer be dismissed by the king, only by the Legislature. Amending this constitution was also the exclusive prerogative of the Legislature. The Bayonet Constitution's other purpose was to remove the Native Hawaiian majority's dominance at the polls and in the Legislature. The righteous reformers were determined to save the Hawaiians from self-government. The privilege of voting was no longer limited to citizens of the kingdom, but was extended to foreign residents -- provided they were American or European. Asians were excluded -- even those who had become naturalized citizens. The House of Nobles, formerly appointed by the king, would now be elected, and voters and candidates for it had to meet a high property ownership or income requirement -- which excluded most of the Native Hawaiians. While they could still vote for the House of Representatives, to do so they had to swear to uphold the Bayonet Constitution. The Hawaiians strenuously opposed the diminution of their voice in governing their own country and resented the reduction of the monarch's powers and the manner in which the Bayonet Constitution had been forced on him. Hawaiians, Chinese and Japanese petitioned the king to revoke the constitution. The self-styled Reform Cabinet responded that only an act of the Legislature could do this - though their new constitution had never been put to a vote. In 1889 a young part-Hawaiian named Robert W. Wilcox staged an uprising to overthrow the Bayonet Constitution. He led some 80 men, Hawaiians and Europeans, with arms purchased by the Chinese, in a predawn march to `Iolani Palace with a new constitution for Kalakaua to sign. The king was away from the palace, and the Cabinet called out troops who forcibly put down the insurrection. Tried for conspiracy, Wilcox was found not guilty by a jury of Native Hawaiians, who considered him a folk hero. On Jan. 20, 1891, King Kalakaua died of kidney disease at age 54, leaving his sister, Lili`uokalani' as Queen of Hawaii, who childless herself, declared the young Princess Ka`iulani her successor to the throne. Just 7 months later, Lili`uokalani' s husband, John Dominis, an American sea captain's son, also died. The next year, Lorrin Thurston and a group of like-minded men, mostly of American blood, formed an Annexation Club, plotting the overthrow of the queen and annexation to the United States. Thurston went to Washington to promote annexation, and received an encouraging message from President Benjamin Harrison: "You will find an exceedingly sympathetic administration here." On Jan. 14, 1893 the queen attempted to proclaim a new constitution restoring power to the throne and rights to the Native Hawaiian people. Alerted earlier of the queen's intention by two of her Cabinet members, the Annexation Club sprang into action. A 13-member Committee of Safety was chosen to plan the overthrow of the queen and the establishment of a provisional government. As they plotted revolution, they claimed that the queen, by proposing to alter the constitution, had committed ''a revolutionary act." The American warship USS Boston was in port at Honolulu Harbor. With an eye toward landing troops, Lorrin Thurston and two others called upon the American minister in Hawaii, John L. Stevens, an avowed annexationist. Stevens assured them he would not protect the queen, and that he would land troops from the Boston if necessary "to protect American lives and property." He also said that if the revolutionaries were in possession of government buildings and actually in control of the city, he would recognize their provisional government. It is important to note that Stevens lacked any legal standing to recognize a new government on behalf of the United States. The next day, Jan. 15, Thurston told the queen's Cabinet that the Committee of Safety would challenge her. and delivered a letter to Minister Stevens requesting him to land troops from the Boston, stating that "the public safety is menaced and life and property are in peril." This was a critical point. The "public safety" was threatened only by the Committee of Safety itself. Stevens had no legal basis to send American troops ashore in force. It was, by any definition of the word, an invasion using American troops, in order to overthrow a foreign government. Troops come ashore. The Committee of Safety offered the presidency of the provisional government to Sanford B. Dole, another of the "mission boys," as Thurston called them. Rather than abolishing the monarchy, Dole favored replacing the queen with a regency holding the throne in trust until Princess Ka'iulani came of age. He accepted the presidency and submitted his resignation as a justice in Hawaii's Supreme Court. Sanford Dole, President of the provisional government of Hawaii, whose brother founded the Dole Pineapple company. On the morning of Jan. 17, Dole gave Stevens a letter from Thurston, asking for his recognition of the provisional government, which they planned to proclaim at 3 that afternoon. The American minister told Dole, "I think you have a great opportunity." On Jan. 17, 1893, at dusk, Queen Lili`uokalani yielded her throne under protest, with these words: "I, Lili`uokalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom."That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. "Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said forces, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands." Note that the queen surrendered Hawaii's sovereignty not to the revolutionaries but to the "superior force of the United States of America". This firmly put the United States in the legal position of having invaded and overthrown the government of a foreign nation without provocation. The Royal Guard surrender their arms at the Iolani Palace Barracks The provisional government took over the palace and declared martial law. Later, at its request, Minister Stevens proclaimed Hawaii a temporary protectorate and raised the American flag over government buildings. He wrote the State Department urging annexation, saying, "The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it." hawaii's last queen by senegalandburkinofaso Hawaii's Last Queen (Windows video) The provisional government had chartered a steamer, and Thurston and four others hastened to Washington with a treaty of annexation in hand. The queen's envoys were refused permission to sail on the same ship, and by the time they reached Washington, President Harrison had already sent the annexation treaty to the Senate. But Harrison was in his last days in power, and Grover Cleveland, who replaced him, withdrew the treaty, alarmed by the legal ramifications of what had happened. President Cleveland sent to Honolulu special commissioner James H. Blount, former chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Blount's job was to investigate the circumstances of the revolution, the role Minister Stevens and American troops played in it, and to determine the feelings of the people of Hawaii toward the provisional government. Blount immediately ordered the troops back to their ship and the American flag taken down and replaced by the Hawaiian flag. Blount's final report charged that Minister Stevens illegally conspired in the overthrow of the monarchy, which would not have taken place without the landing of U.S. troops. Blount recommended restoring the queen, saying...The undoubted sentiment of the people is for the queen, against the provisional government and against annexation." He noted, "There is not an annexationist in the Islands, so far as I have been able to observe, who would be willing to submit the question of annexation to a popular vote." Based on Blount's findings, President Cleveland decided that, in the name of justice, he would do everything in his power to reinstate the queen. Minister Stevens was recalled from Hawaii in disgrace, and replaced with Albert Willis, who expressed to the queen the president's regret that the unauthorized intervention of the United States had caused her to surrender her sovereignty Willis next went to Sanford Dole and the provisional government, acknowledging the wrong committed by the United States in the revolution and requested them to resign power and restore the queen. The answer, of course, was no. They repudiated the right of the American president to interfere in their domestic affairs and said that if the American forces illegally assisted the revolution, the provisional government was not responsible. On Dec. 18, 1893, President Cleveland made an eloquent speech to Congress on the Hawaiian situation. He had harsh words for the landing of American troops at the revolutionaries' request: "This military demonstration upon the soil of Honolulu was of itself an act of war; unless made either with the consent of the government of Hawaii or for the bona fide purpose of protecting the imperiled lives and property of citizens of the United States. But there is no pretense of any such consent on the part of the government of the queen ... the existing government, instead of requesting the presence of an armed force, protested against it. There is as little basis for the pretense that forces were landed for the security of American life and property. If so, they would have been stationed in the vicinity of such property and so as to protect it, instead of at a distance and so as to command the Hawaiian Government Building and palace. ... When these armed men were landed, the city of Honolulu was in its customary orderly and peaceful condition. ... " The president continues: "But for the notorious predilections of the United States minister for annexation, the Committee of Safety, which should have been called the Committee of Annexation, would never have existed."But for the landing of the United States forces upon false pretexts respecting the danger to life and property, the committee would never have exposed themselves to the plans and penalties of treason by undertaking the subversion of the queen's government. "But for the presence of the United States forces in the immediate vicinity and in position to accord all needed protection and support, the committee would not have proclaimed the provisional government from the steps of the Government Building. "And, finally, but for the lawless occupation of Honolulu under false pretexts by the United States forces, and but for Minister Stevens' recognition of the provisional government when the United States forces were its sole support and constituted its only military strength, the queen and her government would never have yielded to the provisional government, even for a time and for the sole purpose of submitting her case to the enlightened justice of the United States. ... " He further stated, "... if a feeble but friendly state is in danger of being robbed of its independence and its sovereignty by a misuse of the name and power of the United States, the United States cannot fail to vindicate its honor and its sense of justice by an earnest effort to make all possible reparation." President Cleveland concluded by placing the matter in the hands of Congress. The Senate hearings were conducted by the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, John Tyler Morgan, an annexationist, whose final report managed to find everyone blameless for the revolution except the queen. Many in the Senate disagreed, and the House censured Stevens and passed a resolution opposing annexation. With their goal of annexation stalled, the leaders of the provisional government decided to form a republic, while waiting for a more opportune political climate. Meanwhile, vast tracks of Hawaiian land (including Pearl Harbor) were taken from their rightful owners without compensation by the new government and traded to the United States in exchange for a reduction of the sugar tariff. The United States Navy began to study how they would use the "Unsinkable Battleship Hawaii" in its Pacific commanding location. The new provisional government drafted a constitution and declared it law by proclamation -- the very act for which they had forced Lili`uokalani from her throne. The new constitution required voters to swear allegiance to the republic, and thousands of Native Hawaiians refused, out of loyalty to queen and country. Foreigners who had sided with the revolution were allowed to vote. Property requirements and other qualifications were so strict that relatively few Hawaiians and no Asians could vote. On July 4, 1894, (again pandering to the United States in the hopes of eventual annexation) Sanford Dole announced the inauguration of the Republic of Hawaii, and declared himself president. Unwilling to give up, many Hawaiians and other royalists accumulated arms for a counterrevolution to restore the monarchy. In the January 1895 uprising, led again by Robert Wilcox, the royalists were forced by government troops to retreat into the valleys behind Honolulu, and after 10 days of fighting, most of them, including Wilcox, were captured. The republic's prize catch was Queen Lili`uokalani. A search revealed a cache of arms buried in the flower garden of her home at Washington Place (later the state Governor's mansion and now a museum). She was arrested Jan. 16, 1895, exactly two years from the date the American troops landed in support of the revolution. Imprisoned in a corner room on the second story of `Iolani Palace, she was guarded day and night, allowed only one attendant and no visitors. The windows of her room were painted over to prevent her from seeing out, and her supporters from seeing in. The paint remains on those windows to this very day. Lili`uokalani passed the long hours writing music (Lili`uokalani wrote many of Hawaii's most popular traditional tunes) and quilting. Lili`uokalani was given a document of abdication to sign and was led to believe that, if she refused, several of her followers were to be shot for treason. She wrote, "For myself, I would have chosen death rather than to have signed it; but it was represented to me that by my signing this paper all the persons who had been arrested, all my people now in trouble by reason of their love and loyalty toward me, would be immediately released ... the stream of blood ready to flow unless it was stayed by my pen." It is worth noting that the Hawaiian Constitution did not provide a legal process for the Monarch's abdication and without the approval of the legislature, the document had no legal validity. Despite Lili`uokalani's signing of the abdication document, Wilcox and four others were sentenced to death. Many other royalists received long prison sentences and heavy fines. Lili`uokalani noted, ''Their sentences were passed the same as though my signature had not been obtained. That they were not executed is due solely to a consideration which has been officially stated: 'Word came from the United States that the execution of captive rebels would militate against annexation.'" In other words, the Americans who had stolen the government were still lying to the queen to get what they wanted, stayed from killing Wilcox and the others only by intercession from the United States, which was still trying to figure out what its own role was in the fiasco. The queen was charged with misprision of treason and was given the maximum sentence of five years imprisonment at hard labor and a $5,000 fine. Out of fear that seeing their Queen at hard labor would trigger yet another armed revolt among the populace, Lili`uokalani remained a prisoner in the palace for eight months, then under house arrest until 1896. Upon gaining her freedom, Lili`uokalani went to Washington, armed with documents signed by many Hawaiians asking President Cleveland to reinstate their queen. But it was now too late for him to be of further help. His term was over and he could do no more. Grover Cleveland wrote: "I am ashamed of the whole affair." His successor, President William McKinley, sent the annexation treaty to the Senate. One of the many petitions signed against annexation. Never shown to the congress that voted to annex Hawaii. Detail of one of the many petitions signed against annexation. Never shown to the congress that voted to annex Hawaii. Hawaiians submitted a petition to Congress with 29,000 signatures opposing annexation, and petitions to the Republic of Hawaii, asking that annexation be put to a public vote. They were never permitted to vote on the issue. In all, three separate Treaties of Annexation were sent to congress. All three failed. In the end, Hawaii was annexed by a joint resolution of Congress. But Congress did not have the legal authority to do so. A joint resolution of Congress has no legal standing in a foreign country, which is what Hawaii remained, even under the provisional government. Sovereignty of Hawaii was formally transferred to the United States at ceremonies at `Iolani Palace on Aug. 12, 1898. Sanford Dole spoke as the newly appointed governor of the Territory of Hawaii. The Hawaiian anthem, ''Hawaii Pono `I" -- with words written by King Kalakaua -- was played at the Hawaiian flag was lowered, and replaced by the American flag and "The Star-Spangled Banner." The Hawaiian people had lost their land, their monarchy and now their independence. The American plantation owners were now free of the import tariffs; small matter that the Hawaiian people had lost their independence along the way. Sanford Dole hands over sovereignty of Hawaii to the United States. It was not legally his to give. Even this act of transfer was illegal under international, law. Beginning with Dewey's attack at Manila, the international rules of war went into effect, with Spain and the United States as belligerents and Hawaii as a neutral nation. Under the Hague convention of 1907, the United States government was required to enforce Hawaiian law rather than its own, but failed to do so. By annexing Hawaii without a treaty, then stationing military forces on the islands, the US, while a belligerent nation in wartime, committed an unprovoked incursion into a neutral nation and established military forces there. This is what Hitler did across Europe and Japan did in China. This is an act of war under anyone's laws. United States warship in Honolulu harbor. The following year saw the death of the beautiful young Princess. Ka'iulani, heir to the Hawaiian throne, at age 23. With her died the last hopes for the restoration of the Hawaiian monarchy. To this day, questions still linger as to exactly how and why such a young and healthy woman died. Lili`uokalani remained an indomitable spirit, honored and revered by her people as a queen to the end. She died in 1917, at the age of 79, still waiting for justice. Hawaii remained a territorial possession of the United States for many years. The military presence illegally begun during the Spanish American war continued to grow, including the Naval base at Pearl Harbor. The plantation families grew richer and richer, while the original Hawaiian people were marginalized, often homeless in their own homelands. The animosity between Hawaiians and the Americans exploded into public view during the celebrated Ala Moana Rape case, in which famed lawyer Clarence Darrow argued for the defense. The thin veneer of a tropic paradise, crafted for the emerging tourist industry was shattered in moments by the anger shown on both sides. In 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt decided that the best way to get a reluctant America into a war with Hitler was to "back door" a war by luring Japan into an attack against the United States. By cutting off oil exports to Japan, Roosevelt forced Japan to invade the Dutch East Indies, and by placing the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl, Roosevelt made an attack at Pearl the mandatory first move in any military move by Japan in any direction. See "Pearl Harbor: The Mother Of All Conspiracies" for the details on Roosevelt's monstrous swindle. Following WW2, Hawaii was placed on the list of non self-governing territories by the United Nations, with the United States as trustee, under Article 73. Under the UN charter, the status of a territory can only be changed by a special vote, called a plebiscite, held among the inhabitants of the territory. That plebiscite is required to have three choices on the ballot. The first choice is to become a part of the trustee nation. In Hawaii's case that meant to become a state. The second choice was to remain a territory. And the third choice, required by the UN Charter, was the option for independence. For Hawaii, that meant no longer being a territory of the United States and returning to being an independent sovereign nation. In 1959 Hawaii's plebiscite vote was held, and again, the United States government bent the rules. The plebiscite ballot only had the choice between statehood and remaining a territory. No option for independence appeared on the ballot as was required under the UN charter. Cheated out of their independence yet again, Hawaiians voted for the lesser of two evils and became the 50th state. The history of Hawaii's transition from sovereign nation to a state of the United States is a history of crime after crime after crime, of policy put forward by proclamation and reinforced by American weapons of war, of military incursion, of violations of international law and treaties then in effect. None of the events which turned Hawaii from a sovereign nation into a part of the US was legal and above board. It was robbery, by anyone's definition of the word, with the justifications and excuses made up after the fact to make the affair palatable to an American public that still wanted to view its government as fair, just, and honorable. In 1988, a study by the United States Justice Department concluded that Congress did not have the authority to annex Hawaii by joint resolution. The ersatz annexation was a cover for the military occupation of the Hawaiian islands for purposes related to the Spanish American war. Bill Clinton signs United States Public Law 103-150 On November 23, 1993, President Clinton signed United States Public Law 103-150, which not only acknowledged the illegal actions committed by the United States in the overthrow of the legitimate government of Hawaii, but also that the Hawaiian people never surrendered their sovereignty. The latter is the most important part of United States Public Law 103-150 for it makes it quite clear that the Hawaiian people never legally ceased to be a sovereign separate independent nation. There is no argument that can change that fact. United States Public Law 103-150, despite its polite language, is an official admission that the government of the United States illegally occupies the territory of the Hawaiian people. In 1999, the United Nations confirmed that the plebiscite vote that led to Hawaii's statehood was in violation of article 73 of the United Nations' charter. The Hawaii statehood vote, under treaty then in effect, was illegal and non-binding. (The same is true of the Alaska plebiscite). In a world where nations are as governed by laws as are men, Hawaii is not and has never legally been a part of the United States. Hawaii was stolen from the Hawaiian people, and they want it back. Hawaiians on Maui demand the return of ceded ancestral lands. Unable to argue against these legal issues calling into question the legitimacy of the United States presence in Hawaii, supporters of the Status Quo have put forward various straw-man arguments to justify why, even if the Hawaiian people were deprived of their government and lands illegally, that things should stay just the way they are today. One of the most often-used straw-man arguments is that a Monarchy limited by a Constitution would be a bad thing. It does not seem to have harmed England, Monaco, or any of the quite prosperous Saudi Emirates. Two of Hawaii's Kings were elected to that office by popular vote. No other Monarchy boasts such a democratic process. And as the Wilcox Rebellions proved, Hawaiians found life under American rule much less enjoyable than it had been under Queen Lili`uokalani. Yet another straw-man argument is that Hawaiian independence would mean the total removal of the American military. This is nonsense. Those bases are not here for the benefit of Hawaii, but for the benefit of the US mainland. The American military maintains bases around the world in foreign nations including Okinawa, Germany, and Cuba. America would not hesitate to enter into a treaty with the government of an independent Hawaii to continue to lease its facilities here and there is no reason for the government of an independent Hawaii to refuse. Yet another straw-man argument is that were Hawaii returned to the Hawaiians, that they would be obliged to pay for the improvements that have been put here since their lands were taken. This too is nonsense. If a thief steals your car and while it is in his possession paints it and installs a stereo, are you obliged to compensate the thief for the improvements when the police return your stolen car to you? Of course not. The thief put in the improvements on the stolen property for his own benefit, not yours. Likewise, the improvements made to Hawaii were made to benefit the overthrowers, not the overthrown. If one wishes to make a case for monies owed for improvements, let us be fair and include back rents owed for the property those improvements sit on. The final straw-man argument is that Hawaiian independence would cause the society in the islands to fall apart. But the truth is that a new government of an independent Hawaii is well motivated to NOT change anything; to keep the industry, tourism, high tech, indeed all of Hawaiian life pretty much as it is now, and to displace or disrupt as little as possible. Extremists and obvious fear-mongers aside, a transition of Hawaii from a state to an independent nation would change to who rent checks and taxes are sent, and little else. Even the flag of Hawaii would likely remain the same. Hawaii would lose the massive and complex bureaucracy that connects Hawaii to the mainland, and Hawaii's citizens would be free of their shares of the $70 trillion dollar federal debt and its ruinous interest, but who would mourn the loss? The military bases would still be here. The United States would want that. So would the government of an independent Hawaii. People would want to continue running their businesses. The government of an independent Hawaii would want exactly the same thing. Confusion and discord harm tourism. A new government of an independent Hawaii is well motivated to keep the islands serene. But what it really comes down to is whether one believes in justice or not. It's easy to support justice that works to your own favor, but the true test of moral citizenship is when you uphold justice even when it is a personal inconvenience. If one holds that the government of the United States is obliged to obey the laws and the UN charter it freely signed, then the status of the Hawaiian people as a distinct and sovereign nation is beyond debate. This makes the United States in Hawaii, as Gandhi described the British in India, acting as the masters in someone else's home. More info on the Nation Of Hawaii can be found at The Nation Of Hawaii website. NEW! Subject: Hawaii Declares Independence From All Foreign PowersSamuel Keolamauloa Kaluna, Jr.Regent, Prime MinisterP.O. Box 35996-3148 Pikake StreetPahala-Kau, Kingdom of Hawaii 96777 PRESS RELEASE JULY 15, 2003 The Sovereign Kingdom of Hawaii Announces Independence from all Foreign Powers A Declaration of Independence, authored by His Majesty Edmund Kelii Silva, Jr. and signed by Prime Minister and Regent Samuel Keolamauloa Kaluna, Jr. and the Hawaiian House of Nobles, proclaims the Kingdom restored and states the intent of the Kingdom of Hawaii to purchase back its lands and govern them under an independent constitutional monarchy. The Declaration calls upon the United Nations to supervise the transfer of power and monitor the attendant transactions under international law.On January 17, 1893, armed forces of the United States overthrew the Hawaiian government. Since the taking of our beloved islands, the indigenous Hawaiian people have experienced the vicissitude of adverse foreign occupation and suffered a genocidal decline in population. Today we are but a mere fraction of our former numbers.Now, however, the Kingdom of Hawaii is, phoenix-like, resurgent. On November 22, 2002, the House of Nobles appointed His Royal Majesty Edmund Kelii Silva, Jr. -- direct lineal descendent of King Kamehameha the Great -- Alii Nui (High Chief and King) of the Kingdom of Hawaii.On June 24, 2003, the Hawaiian Declaration of Independence was hand delivered to the White House in Washington, D.C. On June 26, 2003 it was hand delivered to the United Nations.The United States State Department responded quickly to the Declaration and contacted His Royal Majesty Silva and Prime Minister Kaluna to schedule talks. Response from the community of nations has been favorable.Many Hawaiians have expressed support of the Declaration of Independence announcing the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hawaii. We fully expect that the United States shall endorse the principal of self-determination in this matter, ending more than a century of unlawful occupation.For further information contact: Samuel Kaluna, Jr. at (808) 928-6188. For a copy of the Declaration of Independence Email:newsdesk@kingdomofhawaii.org The Writings of Leon Siu Two Key Misconceptions Regarding Hawaii and Sovereignty The Basis for the Restoration of the Hawaiian Kingdom A Biblical View of Hawaiian Sovereignty From Akaka Bill to Independence An Open Letter to the Church in Hawaii nei. The Living Hawaiian Kingdom The Hawaii Factor SHARE THIS ARTICLE WITH YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA Facebook Twitter Google Plus Myspace MSN Live Yahoo LinkedIn Orkut Digg Delicious Reference: http://whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/HAWAII/hawaii.php and Kamehameha's, Kamehameha III's, descendants/heirs exists some who are also part of Kamehameha II, Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V, King Lunalilo's, King Kalakaua's, Queen Liliuokalani's families. Reference: Kamehameha III – Kauikeouli's Descendants Exists ... theiolani.wordpress.com/.../kamehameha-iii-kauikeoulis-descendants-exi... Jan 13, 2014 - Kamehameha III's Descendants/Heirs Exists..........Including Myself,Amelia Gora et. als.Posted by Amelia Gora on October 12, 2013 at 6:52am ... Legal Notice January 13, 2014 – Public Announcement ... theiolani.wordpress.com/.../legal-notice-january-13-2014-public-announ... Jan 13, 2014 - Amelia Gora 5:39 AM (1 minute ago) to president, comments, ... *Kamehameha III's descendants exists………..which means that the True Crown ... Peke Davis left her two sons as her heirs, with her husband as caretaker. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzRDoh1yCe0 Sudden Rush - Hawaii 3000 (HiSessions.com Acoustic Live!) …; Added by Amelia Gora at 11:15pm on June 11, 2014

Topic: IMPORTANT: KEEP FOR YOUR RECORDS NO. 2 or More Premeditation, Genocide Evidence.....: OF THE PACIFIC: CHARLES REED BISHOP AND FRIENDS, ET. ALS. compiled by Amelia Gora, a Royal person, descendant of Kamehameha, Kalaniopuu, Kaleiwohi, Keawemauhili, Nuuanu, John Young, Isaac Davis, Akahi(w), Kalola (w), et. als. (2011) The layers of Fraud, Criminal deviance, Piracy(ies) can be seen through various documents, historical, aged writings, published news from various sources. Most of the premeditation evidence has been retrieved from sources outside of the Hawaiian Islands. These are also issues of genocide against our kanaka maoli, those who have been in the Hawaiian Islands for 3,000 years. The greed, criminal moves against a neutral, non-violent friendly nation, against a female who during the period of 1893 was viewed as property rather than a person. Women and children during the period were viewed as less than a person, and were considered owned by their husbands. People of color during the period were viewed as "NIGGERS" as documented in Congressional records, political cartoons of the period, news articles, etc. The disregard of a nation that passed the first anti-slavery law in 1852, the concerted moves by treasonous persons in the Hawaiian Islands with ties to their "mother lands" led to many greedy, criminal deviants, unsavory characters to organize and gain support for their criminal moves against the true land owners existing then and now. The following is set in a Chronological order, important problematic issues have been highlighted. It would be well worth scrutinizing the highlighted areas for there are many issues, and ramifications are many. It is only right and just that we, the kanaka maoli, descendants of the ancient ones, the leaders and descendants of those who supported our Queen Liliuokalani meet to regroup, reform Ko Hawaii Pae Aina/the Hawaiian Kingdom without foreign intervention. With this said, let us look at some of the Chronological History and Highlighted Problem areas: 1810 - Kamehameha formed a Monarchy government, and created laws, which were followed by Kamehameha II - Liholiho; and documented by Kamehameha III.- Kauikeouli:Kamehameha III's First Laws found at the Mission Houses Archives, behind Kawaiahao Church: https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wZGIyMmNkNTMtZTczZ i0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wZGIyMmNkNTMtZTczZ i0. Reference: Researcher Hank Fergerstrom; Archives, Iolani Palace grounds, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Kingdom. 1844 - England and France's governments recognized the independence of the Hawaiian Islands. Equal consideration of the three 1) The United States of America; 2) Great Britain, and 3) France was approved by the King and Premier of the Hawaiian Kingdom and signed by Kamehameha III, and Kekauluohi at Lahaina, Maui, on the 29th day of June, A.D. 1844. Note: Under the Law of Nations general convention, the Congress of Vienna convened, and "contained delegates from the eight principal Powers of Europe, Austria, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Russia, and Prussia, who among other arrangements saw fit to terminate by mutual agreement, the dissension about precedence: These Powers unanimously agreed to the following articles on that subject... see THE POLYNESIAN, Saturday, July 20, 1844 Belgium's government recognized the independence of the Hawaiian Islands. the following documents are very important due to the recognition of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1844. **************** 1863 Kamehameha IV dies November 30 and is succeeded by his older brother, Lot Kamehameha. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands1864 Kamehameha V (Lot Kamehameha) decrees a new constitutionwhich contains property qualifications for the elected representatives and the voters, August 20. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1866 The first leprosy patients taken to Kalawao, Moloka’i, onthe Kalaupapa peninsula. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands1867 - Accurate Genealogies Printed in the Nupepa Kuokoa......later issues shows changes, inaccuracies - an issue of genocide, identity theft, etc.: Genealogies 1867 (first part) https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wMzBiZGJhMjMtY2FmZ C0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wMzBiZGJhMjMtY2FmZ C0... Genealogies 1867 (second part) https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wZDBjMDAyNjktMWQ1M i0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wZDBjMDAyNjktMWQ1M i0... Genealogies 1867 (third and last part) https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wOTRlZmNhMDEtNGFkM S0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wOTRlZmNhMDEtNGFkM S0... 1868 The first Japanese arrive on June 24. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1871 Henry Berger arrives from Germany on June 11 to conduct the Royal Hawaiian Band. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1872 Kamehameha V dies on December 11, with no successor. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1873 William Lunalilo is elected king by the legislature onJune 8, the first elected king, and ends the Kamehamehaline of succession. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1874 King Lunalilo dies on February 3. David Kalakaua iselected king on February 12 by the legislature. Hedeparts for a goodwill tour of the United States onNovember 17. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1875 A reciprocity treaty is signed on January 30, allowing sugar and other products to enter the United Stateswithout customs duties. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1876 The U.S. Senate ratifies the Reciprocity Treaty on August15. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands ****************************** ********** Now, carefully read the article PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC ------this article shows that the RECIPROCITY TREATY OF 1876 was KILLED by King Kalakaua secretly and the "natives".... King David Kalakaua was claimed to sign a Reciprocity Treaty with the U.S. but note the following from the NEW YORK TIMES article: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/ archive-free/pdf?res= F20617FD3455157... King Kalakaua signed a FRAUD DEED to the claims of the Halawa Ahupuaa (mountain to the sea), includes Pearl Harbor River/Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, and SUPPOSEDLY Conveyed to Mataio Kekuanaoa and Grace Kamaikui, plotted out with the help of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates Trustees? 1877 Prince Leleiohoku, heir to the throne, dies on April 19. Princess Lili’uokalani is proclaimed heir by King Kalakaua. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1878 Portuguese contract laborers arrive on September 30. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1879 Cornerstone of ‘Iolani Palace is laid on December 31. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1880 An eruption of Mauna Loa threatens Hilo in November.Princess Ruth Ke’elikolani asks the gods to spare Hilo, and the lava flow stops. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1881 King Kalakaua’s trip around the world begins in January. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1882 ‘Iolani Palace is completed in December. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1883 King Kalakaua and Queen Kapi’olani hold a coronationceremony in front of ‘Iolani Palace. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1887 King Kalakaua is forced by the Hawaiian League to signthe “bayonet constitution” on July 6. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands King Kalakaua supposedly "ceded" Pearl Harbor to the U.S.: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F20617FD345515738DDDAF0894D9415B8285F0D3 Reference: NEW YORK TIMES, 1892, article PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC 1889 Robert Wilcox leads an unsuccessful revolution againstthe Reform Government on July 30 to restore power to the King. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands U.S. Blaine 'took steps to make the Reciprocity Treaty permanent in 1889'.... Note: King David Kalakaua had no rights to Halawa Ahupuaa (mountain to the sea), Pearl Harbor, Oahu. The claimed conveyance is a Fraud, and is null and void. The following article gives some of the reasons: Who OWNS PEARL HARBOR? compiled by Amelia Gora (2011) JOHN YOUNG, counselor of Kamehameha was given Halawa/Pearl Harbor Ahupuaa by Kamehameha. Reference: JOHN YOUNG'S WILL Kamaikui/Grace Kamaikui was given the Halawa/Pearl Harbor Ahupuaa by Keoni Ana/John Young Jr. thru division of JOHN YOUNG'S lands in 1848. A FRAUD DEED signed by King David Kalakaua PURPORTS to convey and already conveyed property to KEKUANAOA AND KAMAIKUI in 1876! Do take notice that KEKUANAOA (ancestor of ours) died in 1868 and KAMAIKUI/GRACE KAMAIKUI (ancestor of ours) died in 1866! King David Kalakaua was claimed to sign a Reciprocity Treaty with the U.S. but note the following from the NEW YORK TIMES, a Premeditation article "PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC..." - looking to assume a neutral, friendly nation documented: PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC; THE MANY ATTRACTIONS OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS. SO SITUATED THAT THEY ARE BOUND TO INCREASE IN IMPORTANCE -- A GROWING BELIEF THAT THEY WILL EVENTUALLY BE ANNEXED BY THE UNITED STATES. A.R.C. (); November 06, 1892, , Section , Page 14, Column , words [ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ] Copyrighted, 1892, by the the New-York Times. HONOLULU, Oct 1. -- Sailing for six days due Southwest from San Francisco, the steamers or the Union Steamsnip Company reach Honolulu, distant 2,100 miles. If you will glance at a map of the Pacific, you will be struck with the fact that the Sandwich Island group looks to be a half-way house of call for the three great continents of North America, Australia, and Asia. Note: This article will open in PDF format. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader or Learn More » http://query.nytimes.com/mem/ archive-free/pdf?res= F20617FD3455157... U.S. Blaine 'took steps to make the Reciprocity Treaty permanent in 1889'.... "The provision to land troops killed the proposed treaty...." Reference: NEW YORK TIMES article PARADISE IN THE PACIFIC, November 6, 1892. Note: If King David Kalakaua had no rights to Halawa, Pearl Harbor, then such conveyance is a Fraud, null and void. Since Queen Emma did not have the ownership to HALAWA because she did not have descendants, the lands continue to be owned by the descendants of JOHN YOUNG, and KAMAIKUI as documented in her Will, and as documented in the land documents, because KAMAIKUI did have descendants/heirs due to her marriage to ISAAC DAVIS, another English man who was a Counselor of Kamehameha. Their children were: Hueu Davis, Kale Davis, and Peke Davis. When BERNICE PAUAHI died in 1884, it appears that a conspiracy was set by the Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates with Charles Reed Bishop and Friends to assist the U.S. by placing King David Kalakaua under stress, duress, usurpation, and coercion to add a phony/fictitious deed so that Queen Emma married to Kamehameha IV would be part of a deed covering KEKUANAOA/Mataio Kekuanaoa's claims and disregarding the fact that KEKUANAOA/ Mataio Kekuanaoa had a last wife named Kalima who has descendants such as myself. TRULY WICKED documented............. Since Queen Emma did not have the ownership to HALAWA because she did not have descendants, the lands continue to be owned by the descendants of JOHN YOUNG, and KAMAIKUI as documented in her Will, and as documented in the land documents, because KAMAIKUI did have descendants/heirs due to her marriage to ISAAC DAVIS, another English man who was a Counselor of Kamehameha. Their children were: Hueu Davis, Kale Davis, and Peke Davis. When BERNICE PAUAHI died in 1884, it appears that a conspiracy was set by the Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates with Charles Reed Bishop and Friends to assist the U.S. by placing King David Kalakaua under stress, duress, usurpation, and coercion to add a phony/fictitious deed so that Queen Emma married to Kamehameha IV would be part of a deed covering KEKUANAOA/Mataio Kekuanaoa's claims and disregarding the fact that KEKUANAOA/ Mataio Kekuanaoa had a last wife named Kalima who has descendants such as myself. explains why there are lots of issues in microfilms KING KALAKAUA'S HAWAII, Archives and Main Library, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii................ 1890 King Kalakaua departs for San Francisco on November 25. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1891 King Kalakaua dies in San Francisco on January 20 and hisbody is returned to Hawai’i. Lili’uokalani is proclaimedqueen on January 29. Ref: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 1891 - "Liliuokalani, an outspoken member of her sex, opposed ceding Peart Harbor to the U.S....." Reference: CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Chronicle Publications Inc. 1891 article. 1893. January 9: PREMEDITATION TO ASSUME A Neutral, Friendly, Non-Warring Nation by the U.S.: Queen Liliuokalani opposed the U.S. in Pearl Harbor. This NEW YORK TIMES article, found by researcher Shane Lee, shows that U.S. Congress, President - Benjamin Harrison, former American Civil War General, gave standing orders to take over the Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian Kingdom/Ko Hawaii Pae Aina. Note the date January 8, 1893 and article published on January 9, 1893. Then, on January 15, 1893 or two days before dethroning our Queen Liliuokalani, they left their Warship BOSTON as recorded in the news article from the CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Chronicle Publications, Inc. article of 1893.........further evidence of breaking the Permanent Friendship Treaty with the Hawaiian Kingdom and breaching the Law of Nations.....placing our Queen Liliuokalani, her families, her subjects and all who supported our Queen under duress, coercion, stress, usurpation since 1893! 1893 Queen Lili’uokalani is deposed on January 17; aprovisional government is established under Sanford B.Dole. On March 29 James H. Blount is sent by the U.S.president to learn the facts of the overthrow of the queen. President Cleveland sends a message to Congresscondemning the overthrow and annexation of Hawai’i onDecember 18. Note: The following is part of researcher Keanu Sai's findings: The first illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Islands occurred on January 17, 1893. Newly elected U.S. President Grover Cleveland commissioned James Blount to investigate the events that led to the January 17, 1893 Executive Assignment from Hawaii's Queen [the overthrow]. James Blount's investigation concluded that U.S. diplomatic and military representative had abused their authority and were responsible for the change in [the Hawaiian] government. Emphasis added. This was also noted in U.S. Public Law 103-150, the Apology Bill. That however, is a House Joint Resolution which has no affect over another country. Although this Public Policy was not put into a treaty to properly apologize to native Hawaiians as well as Hawaiian nationals for the change in government the U.S. caused to the sovereign people of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the apology itself has resonated serious repercussions in the global community and the external sovereignty of the Hawaiian kingdom is still recognized by many countries, the internal sovereignty is currently oppressed by the belligerent occupation of the United States. The January 17, 1893 Executive Assignment, International Compact, between the U.S. and the Kingdom triggers the U.S. to implement Hawaiian Kingdom law, this is in accordance to the International Laws of Occupation. On December 18, 1893 the Queen entered into the Executive Agreement of Restoration, which was conditioned by U.S. President Cleveland to provide amnesty to insurgents that perhaps were influenced by U.S. Plenipotentiary Minister John L. Stevens who himself was afforded diplomatic immunity to escape treason under Hawaiian Kingdom law. The December 18, 1893 Executive Agreement of Restoration, International Compact, estops any transactions within the Hawaiian Kingdom jurisdiction and bind the office of the U.S. President under the U.S. Executive Branch of Government until that Agreement has been fulfilled; unless the U.S. implements Kingdom law, in which to date it has not done so! You can see the monumental impact this will have not only in Hawaii, but globally, as anything recorded at the Bureau of Conveyances and business registrations are all null and void since January 17, 1893. The Provisional Government was made up of a group calling themselves the committee of safety. They were in fact insurgents and without any authority from the Hawaiian Kingdom! The Provisional Government, which President Cleveland had pleaded to the Queen to provide amnesty, later changed their name to the Republic of Hawaii in 1894. The U.S. Congress prevented President Cleveland from restoring the Hawaiian Kingdom in two separate House Joint Resolutions, rendering him a Lame Duck! We now have case law that clearly indicate that Congress of the U.S. has no authority beyond its borders as authority belongs to the U.S. President in his Executive capacity and the Executive Agreements entered into must be honored under the U.S. Supremacy Law as the Law of the Land, overriding State of Hawaii laws and U.S. Federal laws. Officers of the Court are held to a higher degree to observe the U.S. Supremacy Law as they have taken an oath to uphold the U.S. Constitution, failure to recognize the two Executive Agreements, International Compacts, will equate to an International War Crime in accordance to the Geneva Convention and U.S. military rules of engagement. Note: Premeditation evidence has been found which nulls and voids all transactions by treasonous persons, criminal deviants supported by a conspiring nation. 1893 - Mar. 11 NEW YORK TIMES: THE OVERTHROW OF A QUEEN; MR. BLOUNT'S REPORT OF THE HAWAIIAN REVOLUTION. The Commissioner's Instructions and How They Were Followed -- Exhaustive History of the Causes Leading up to the Conspiracy Which Minister Stevens Aided -- Successful Only Through His Acts -- Annexation Would Be Voted Down in a Fair Election. [ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ] WASHINGTON, Nov. 18 -- The report of James H. Blount, Special Commissioner to the Hawaiian Islands, is herewith presented in full: Note: This article will open in PDF format. Get Adobe Acrobat Reader or Learn More » http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F70B16FA3E5A1A738DDDA80A94D9415B8385F0D3 Issues of Duress are on the records, along with Fraud, Deceit, Genocide, etc. Reference: CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Chronicle Publications Inc. 1894 article. ***************************The Hawaiian Disgrace http://query.nytimes.com/mem/ archive-free/pdf?res= F70A1FF7345D117... http://query.nytimes.com/mem/ archive-free/pdf?res= F70A1FF7345D117...Shameful Conspiracy https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2Y2YjAwOTItOTEwM C0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wN2Y2YjAwOTItOTEwM C0... Notice how they viewed our people, Queen Liliuokalani likened to barbarians? The intent was to put out negative comments/negative propaganda against friendly neutral nation's people. Reference: Card index at the Archives, Iolani Palace grounds, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. Reference: Archives, Iolani Palace grounds, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii 1894. July 4 - President Cleveland gave orders to the military in Hawaii by sending his messenger, newly appointed Albert S. Willis to restore the Monarchy and make peace with the Royalists and the American businessmen, whose goal was to Annex Hawaii. Reference: CHRONICLE OF AMERICA, Chronicle Publications Inc. 1894 article (see above). 1894 Republic of Hawai’i is established on July 3 by theprovisional government. Sanford B. Dole becomes president on July 4.1895 Robert Wilcox fails to lead a revolt to restore themonarchy. Lili’uokalani is arrested, and abdicates onJanuary 24. Hawaii was returned to Queen Liliuokalani in 1895 according to the 1901 NEW YORK TIMES newspaper.1895 Jan 6 Counter-revolution to restore Liliuokalani to throne. Failed. 1895 Jan 7 Queen Liliuokalani "was arrested for no specific charged offense, taken by force, and confined alone in the Iolani Palace....She was told that those she dearly loved, personal friends, were awaiting execution, and the only act which would save their lives was an act of abdication to be signed by her...To save those she loved she executed the document you publish. It was an act consummated under the plainest kind of duress, void even had it been legally executed." Ref: Washington Evening Star article "The Republic of Hawaii" purchased off the internet from a private owner in Greece. 1895 Jan 24 Liliuokalani signs statement of abdication. She remained under duress, stress, coercion, and usurpation. She directed her subjects to maintain a neutral, friendly, non-violent status, even though many were beaten, killed, thrown on Kalaupapa, Molokai and declared lepers. The issues of genocide remain, the issues of piracy(ies) on the high seas remain, along with theft, conspiracies, treasonous activities, etc. 1895 Oct 2 The Queen was tried and convicted of treason. While sentenced to confinement in her room in Iolani Palace, she composed "The Queen's Prayer." Princess Poomaikelani died. She had called her a daughter. Her descendants/heirs descendants exist today. 1895 – Queen Liliuokalani was beckoned to sign an abdication for her supporters so that they would be set free. She signed, however, was told that they would not be set free but would be allowed to live. Under stress, duress, usurpation, coercion, etc. “The Queen held her throne through her oath and Constitution, and Abdicated when She Declared Herself Above Them.” 190 subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii were imprisoned, 137 were charged with “treason and open rebellion; 141 “treason” and 12 “misprision (of treason).” 22 exiled to the United States; three were deported to Canada; five were given suspended sentences; five were acquitted. Several were fined and given sentences of hard labor. Queen Liliuokalani, aged 57, was placed on Trial in the Iolani Palace Throne Room, minus the stolen kahili’s (decors), minus the stolen portraits, minus the stolen rugs/ carpets, minus the stolen gold and crimson chairs, etc., by a military commission composed of the entity group calling themselves a de facto government supported by the United States. *Note: The furniture, plates, personal jewelry, dinner plates, silverware, etc. were stolen, auctioned from the Iolani Palace. The carpets were cut into pieces and sold as souveniers of the Iolani Palace, etc. Pieces have slowly been returned or purchased by the Friends of the Iolani Palace, etc. THE PLUNDERING UPON HAWAII’S MONARCHIES RESOURCES occurred at this time. In Washington, “Morgan, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, today presented the report of the investigations of that committee made under a resolution requiring it to report “whether any, and if so what irregularities occurred in the diplomatic or other intercourse between the United States and Hawaii in relation to the secret political revolution in Hawaii. The report is prepared by Morgan and concurred in by Frye, Dolph and Davis, Republican members of the committee, who make also a supplemental report….Morgan begins with the proposition that this Government in dealing with any form of government in Hawaii, can have no break in its line of policy corresponding to any change in the office of President. It is in all respects the same government as if under the same President during the entire period. The President, however, has the right to change his opinion and policy, but it must be regarded as a change of mind in the same person. AGAINST MONARCHISM The report then declares against monarchism in the islands, saying we exercise at least moral suzerainty over Hawaii, which, it says, “is an American State embraced in the American commercial and military system,” entitling it to the indulgent consideration, if not active sympathy, is its endeavors to release her people from the odious anti-Republican regime, and subordinate her people to the supposed divine right of a monarch “whose title to such divinity originated in the most slavish conditions of pagan barbarity.”…….The Hawaiian Monarchy had perished…” Note: J.P. Morgan and friends have FAILED TO DO THEIR HOMEWORK… Royal descendants of Kamehameha EXIST,including the author of this paper, Amelia Kuulei Gora, one of Kamehameha’s descendants, a Royal Person not subject to the laws. Families claims documenting FRAUD has been recorded over time… the PROBATES, other documentation have testimonies and other indications of FRAUD, DECEIT, CORRUPTION, CRIMINAL DEVIANCE, CRIMINAL MALFEASANCE documented. It is from this point on that the BULK OF RESOURCES of HAWAII appears to have been PLUNDERED UPON. additional notes: see http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3225/is_3_31/ai_n29298686/ The duty of the benevolent master: from sovereignty to suzerainty and the biopolitics of intervention by Heriberto Cairo Recent claims about humanitarian intervention express forms of domination that are both geopolitical and increasingly constructed around a biopolitical duty to relieve the suffering of brutalized peoples. This paper examines this presumed duty in the context of tensions between juridical-institutional accounts of sovereignty and practices of suzerainty in which intervention "outside" is accompanied by intervention "inside." KEYWORDS: intervention, sovereignty, suzerainty, biopolitics, imperialism. ********** Expressed in a formula, one might say: all the means by which one has so far attempted to make mankind moral were through and through immoral. --Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilight of the Idols, 1895 The propinquity of modern nation-states to war underwent a new turn after the end of the Cold War, which was for some analysts also the end of "the long twentieth century." The institutional-juridical model of sovereignty is said to be less and less the base of the relations between states. Only the most "spectacular" feature of sovereignty is well maintained: Territorial integrity persists. The geopolitics of territories now articulates with a biopolitics, producing sovereign power over "naked life." A system of sovereign states is giving way to a suzerain order of traditional and new political entities, and war (and its legitimation) reflects these changes. The recent invasion of Iraq is widely seen to be exemplary in this respect. According to the president of the United States, George W. Bush, as well as the official communications of the White House and the US Departments of Defense and State, the so-called Operation Iraqi Freedom undertaken by an "international coalition" of states (the definition of this coalition being suspect from the beginning because of the unwillingness of many relevant states to participate in it) (1) in order to achieve two main objectives: to eliminate the "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs) that the Iraqi regime supposedly had, and to end the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein: "My fellow citizens, at this hour, American and coalition forces are in the early stages of military operations to disarm Iraq, to free its people and to defend the world from grave danger." (2) 1896 - Fall. Liliuokalani freed by the entity Republic and remained under duress, coercion, usurpation, and stress. 1897 - June. Oppositions to Annexation signed by Queen Liliuokalani submitted to the U.S., Washington, D.C. The following documents were found in the U.S. - Maryland National Archives by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano: 1897 - October 22. Opposition to reports that Princess Kaiulani would succeed Queen Liliuokalani was denied. 1897 A petition against annexation, with 21,269 names, is presented to the U.S. Senate in December. 1898 President McKinley signs a joint resolution of Congresson July 7 to annex Hawai’i to theUnited States. Hui Aloha ‘Aina for Men, Hui Aloha ‘Ainafor Women, and Hui Kalai’aina send a resolution to President Dole and U.S. Minister Resident Sewell, protesting the annexation of Hawai’i in August. 1898 - August 12. Researcher Keanu Sai documents the following: The second illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom occurred on August 12, 1898. The signatures of around 38,000 Hawaiian Nationals, against the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the U.S. in 1897, known as the Ku'e petitions, resulted in the failure of the U.S. Congress meeting the required votes in order to accept the proposed Bill for a Treaty of Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands. A true victory procured by our kupunas and certain members of the U.S. Congress for the preservation of the Hawaiian Kingdom. That Treaty of Annexation was proposed by the Republic of Hawaii insurgents, not the Hawaiian Kingdom. Further, the December 18, 1893 Agreement of Restoration would have stopped that transaction had it gone through. President McKinley via Newlands Resolution annexed Hawaii on July 7, 1898, in which a formal ceremony took place in Hawaii on August 12, 1898. The second illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Islands! The Hawaiian Kingdom gained its independence as an independent nation State on November 28, 1843 [La Kuokoa] by a Joint Anglo-Franco Proclamation signed at the Court of London. Timoteo Haalilio was the first diplomatic envoy from the Hawaiian Islands along with William Richards and Sir George Simpson to accomplish that task. http://hawaiiankingdom.org/ treaties.shtml Hawaii's independence was further officially recognized by the U.S. a little over seven months later on July 6, 1844 in its informal recognition of Hawaii's independence back in 1842, by U.S. President John Tayler. Once independence is recognized it is done, the only way a country can loose it is by a treaty of cession or treaty by conquest none of which happened in Hawaii. Note: a treaty by conquest was only outlawed in 1920, so you can see that the Queen had much to be concerned about even up to the time of her death in 1917. Note: Queen Liliuokalani was under duress, coercion, stress, and usurpation along with all of her loyal subjects. All claims, contracts made by treasonous persons were null and void. The Hawaiian Islands/Hawaiian archipelago was recognized by Russia during the lifetime of Kamehameha as recorded by Kotzbue. Other nations recognized the Hawaiian Kingdom and paid for docking fees, commerce, supplies while passing through the Hawaiian Islands since the lifetime of Kamehameha. The signatures of Hawaiian subjects objecting to Annexation was found in the National Archives by researcher Noenoe Silva. The actual oppositions to Annexation by Queen Liliuokalani was found in the National Archives, Maryland, by researcher Kiliwehi Kekumano. See documents posted within this article. 1899 An epidemic of bubonic plague breaks out in Honolulu onDecember 12.1900 A fire intended to rid Chinatown of the plague burns outof control and destroys 38 acres. President McKinley signs the Organic Act on April 30, and the Territory ofHawai’i, headed by Sanford B. Dole as its first governor,is inaugurated on June 14. Home Rule Party of KanakaMaoli nationalists wins a majority in the first legislature and sends Robert Wilcox as the firstterritorial Delegate to Congress. Puerto Ricans arebrought in to work on sugar plantations.1901 First territorial legislature convenes in Honolulu inFebruary. 1902 Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana’ole becomes Hawai’i secondDelegate to Congress. A Pacific cable is laid betweenthe U.S. mainland and Hawai’i.1903 Koreans begin to arrive in Hawai’i.1906 James D. Dole builds the first pineapple cannery in Honolulu. First Filipino plantation workers arrive.First movie theater, Orpheum, is built.1907 Walter F. Frear appointed governor. College ofAgriculture and Mechanic Arts (later the University ofHawai’i) is built. 1909 Municipal government begins for the City and County ofHonolulu, Joseph James Fern is elected the first mayor.First major plantation strike (Japanese) lasts 3 months.1912 Duke Kahanamoku sets world record in the 100-metre event at the Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden.1915 Bus service is introduced by Honolulu Rapid Transit Co.1916 Waiahole Tunnel is built, bringing windward O’ahu waterto central O’ahu plantations.1917 Queen Lili’uokalani dies on November 11. 1918 United States enters World War I.1919 Prince Kuhio introduces in Congress the first bill togrant statehood to Hawai’i on February 11.Prince Kuhio Kalanianaole Treasonous Person introduced Statehood in 1920 https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wMzY0NzE3ZDUtZGE5M i0... https://docs.google.com/leaf? id= 0B6Gs4av5Se1wMzY0NzE3ZDUtZGE5M i0... ****************************** 1920 12,000 Japanese and Filipino workers strike separately. 19th amendment of the U.S. grants suffrage to women. 1921 Congress passes the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act,setting aside 200,000 acres for homesteading by KanakaMaoli.1922 Hawaiian Pineapple Company buys most of the island ofLana’i for growing and processing pineapple. Ala Wai Canal is dredged and Waikîkî wetlands are filled in.1925 First non-stop flight from the U.S. mainland to Hawai’iis completed. 1929 - January 31. A criminal document was recorded and left in the Archives, Iolani Palace grounds, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, with the claims that this was the Opposition to Annexation filed by Queen Liliuokalani in 1897-1898.....Evidence of genocide: with Kiliwehi's document found or the REAL ONE.....then you'll realize how WICKED they were and are! Additional Reference: http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/nietzsche/1886/beyond-good-evil/index.htm Friedrich Nietzsche Beyond Good and Evil Written: 1886 First Published: 1909-1913 Source: Project Gutenberg (from The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche (1909-1913)) Transcription: John Mamoun, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team for Project Gutenberg; html markup by Brian Baggins. Translation: (from the German) Helen Zimmern Copyleft: Friedrich Nietzsche Internet Archive (marxists.org) 2003.Permission is granted to copy and/or distribute this document under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License. Contents: Preface Chapter I (PREJUDICES OF PHILOSOPHERS) Chapter II (THE FREE SPIRIT) Chapter III (THE RELIGIOUS MOOD) Chapter IV (APOPHTHEGMS AND INTERLUDES) Chapter V (THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MORALS) Chapter VI (WE SCHOLARS) Chapter VII (OUR VIRTUES) Chapter VIII (PEOPLES AND COUNTRIES) Chapter IX (What is Noble?) FROM THE HEIGHTS Friedrich Nietzsche Internet Archive ************************************************************************* Summary The highlights of this document follows: * Multitples of Premeditation evidence to assume a neutral, friendly nation found, which makes all transactions null and void. * Further investigations into the backgrounds of treasonous persons, their transactions, etc. needs to be reviewed. * Adjudication of treasonous persons, their transactions, etc. must be made by the Hawaiian Kingdom/Ko Hawaii Pae Aina. * Review of Duress, Coercion, Stress, Usurpation on a neutral, non-violent, friendly nation needs to be made. The results of duress, coercions, etc. on leaders, Royal families, owners of lands, etc.* True owners of Pearl River/Pearl Harbor which is part of the Halawa Ahupuaa (mountain to the sea) and the Frauds uncovered. * Review of Friedrich Nietzche's works, etc. * Review of the Morgan banker's directives to the President and Congress pertaining to the Hawaiian lands, etc. * etc. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=LIFxbOZezhE 3:00 Added to queuevideo lang: en Translate View original (Translation disabled) Peter Paul and Mary, Blowing in the Wind Peter Paul and Mary, Blowing in the Wind Lyrics: How many roads must a man walk down Before they call him a man? How many seas must a white dove ... by cschoon1213 | 1 year ago | 41,721 views ****************************** *************** Legal Notice****************************** **RESEARCH REFERENCES Alexander, William A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE (1891) Allen, Helena G. SANFORD BALLARD DOLE Hawaii’s Only President 1844-1926 (1988) The Arthur H. Clark Co Allen, Thomas B. WAR GAMES(1987) Berkeley Publishing Co. Allport, Gordon W. THE NATURE OF PREJUDICE (1958) Addison- Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. American Institute of Banking STANDARD BANKING (1928) Appleton, D. –Century Company THE NEW CENTURY DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (1946) D. Appleton – Century Company Bailey, Paul Dayton THOSE KINGS AND QUEENS OF OLD HAWAII (1975) Westernlore Press Barratt, Glynn THE RUSSIAN VIEW OF HONOLULU 1808-26 (1988) Carleton University Press Barrere, Dorothy B. THE KING’S MAHELE The Awardees & Their Land (1994) Bishop, Reverend Sereno E. WHY ARE THE HAWAIIAS DYING OUT? Or, ELEMENTS OF DISABILITY FOR SURVIVAL AMONG THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE (1888) Bishop, William Henry ONE OF THE THIRTY PIECES from STORIES BY AMERICAN AUTHORS (1902) Charles Scribner’s Sons Black, Henry Campbell BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY (1968) West Publishing Co. Bobley Publishing Corp. ILLUSTRATED WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA (1977) Mer-Fried Corporation; Bobley Publishing Corp. Bolton, Herbert Eugene HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS A Syllabus with Maps (1928) Gin and Company Boswell, Douglas ALL ABOUT HAWAII combined with THRUM’S HAWAIIAN ANNUAL AND STANDARD GUIDE (1962) Star-Bulletin Printing Co. Inc. Boyle, Donzella Cross QUEST OF A HEMISPHERE (1970) Published by Western Islands Char, Tin Yuke THE SANDALWOOD MOUNTAINS (1975) by The University of Hawaii Press of Hawaii Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs HAWAII STATEHOOD – Hearings on H.R. 49; S. 156; S. 1782 United States Government Printing Office Cordy, Ross A REGIONAL SYNTHESIS OF HAMAKUA DISTRICT – Island Of Hawaii (1994) Historic Preservation Division, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources Costain, Anne N. INVITING WOMEN’S REBELLION A Political Process Interpretation of the Women’s Movement (1992) The John Hopkin’s University Press Craig, Robert D. HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF HONOLULU (1998) Scarecrow Press, Inc. Craven, Avery and Johnson, Walter THE UNITED STATES Experiment in Democracy (1950) The Athenaeum Press De Vries, Julian LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS (1940) The World Publishing Co. Doughterty, Michael TO STEAL A KINGDOM (1996) Island Style Press Faragher, John M.; Buhle, Mari Jo; Czitrom, Daniel; Armitage, Susan H. OUT OF MANY A History of the American People Volume II (1994) Prentice-Hall Inc. Forbes, Rev. A. A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF REMARKABLE EVENTS (1865) Fornander, Abraham CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS IN HAWAIIAN HISTORY out of HISTORY OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE (1996) Mutual Publishing Frontier Press THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS (1922) The Frontier Press Garraty, John A. A SHORT HISTORY OF THE And McCaughey, Robert A. AMERICAN NATION (1987) Harper & Row, Publishers Inc. Gessler, Clifford TROPIC LANDFALL – The Port of Honolulu (1942) Country Life Press Gora, Amelia K./ Gora, Amelia AFFIDAVIT/LIEN (1986) filed at the Bureau of Kuulei Conveyances No. 96-177455 (281 pages); 12/17/96; Honolulu, Hawaii KAOLEIOKU- Kamehameha’s Oldest Son His Descendants And Heirs (1997) by Author MAKA ALA THE SLEEPING GIANT (2000) by Author CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF HAWAII, ABROAD, AND TE UNITED STATES 350A.D - 2001 A.D. (2001) HAWAIIAN GENEALOGY INTRODUCTORY GENEALOGY CHARTS OF THE ROYAL FAMILIES CROWN LANDS PEARL HARBOR AND THE RECIPROCITY TREATY- THE TRUTH KAMEHAMEHA’S DESCENDANTS, HEIRS AND TERRORISTS HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AFFECTING ALL LANDS IN HAWAII MAINTAINING QUEEN LILIUOKALANI’S CLAIMS, ETC. HANA, MAUI HUI – JOINT OWNERSHIP WITH QUEEN LILIUOKALANI PIRATES OF THE PACIFIC: CHARLES RED BISHOP AND FRIENDS WARS, CONFLICTS AND GENOCIDE HAWAIIAN ABC’S WILLS 1 – 180 – OUT OF HAWAII’S ARCHIVES ROYAL SCHOOLS STUDENTS 1839-1847 – THEIR DESCENDANTS AND HEIRS -for Kamehameha descendants/heirs only- MAINTAINING CLAIMS TO HAWAII BY QUEEN LILIUOKALANI’S AND THE HIGH CHIEFS GENEALOGIES HAWAIIAN/KANAKA MAOLI HANDBOOK Handy, E. S. Craighill THE POLYNESIAN FAMILY And Pukui, Mary Kawena SYSTEM IN KA-U (1972) Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc. Hawaii Historic Preservation Staff HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN HAWAII (1976) Grant in aid Funding from the Department of Interior, National Park Service Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society MISSIONARY ALBUM (1937) Honolulu Star Bulletin, Lmtd. Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society PORTRAITS OF AMERICAN PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES IN HAWAII (1961) Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society Hunter, Charles H. INDEX PUBLICATIONS OF THE HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY (1968) Hawaiian Historical Society Hutchins, LL.B. Wells A. THE HAWAIIAN SYSTEM OF WATER RIGHTS (1946) Coop between the United States Department of Agriculture and the Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu Icke, David AND THE TRUTH SHALL SET YOU FREE (1995) Bridge of Love Publications Ii, John Papa FRAGMENTS OF HAWAIIAN HISTORY (1959) Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Joesting, Edward TIDES OF COMMERCE (1983) First Hawaiian, Inc. Jones, Walter S. THE LOGIC OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1991) Harper Collins Publishers Kamakau, Samuel M. RULING CHIEFS OF HAWAII (1992) Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estates Kelly, Marion and Quintal, Sidney Cultural History Report of Makua Military Michael Reservation and Vicinity, Makua Valley, Oahu Kent, Harold CHARLES REED BISHOP (1965) Landoll, Inc. WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY (1997) Landoll, Inc. Lea, Homer THE VALOR OF IGNORANCE (1909) Harper and Brothers Liliuokalani, Lydia Kamakaeha HAWAII’S STORY BY HAWAII’S QUEEN (1898)Tuttle Loomis, Albertine TO ALL PEOPLE A History of the Hawaii Conference of the United Church of Christ (1970) Kingsport Press, Inc. McNeil, Genna Rae HISTORICAL JUDGMENTS RECON- And Winston, Michael R. SIDERED (1988) Howard University Press Missionaries at Lahaina MEMOIR OF KEOPUOLANI, Late Queen of the Sandwich Islands (1825) Crocker & Brewster Publishers Moores, Litt.D. Charles W. LINCOLN ADDRESSES AND LETTERS (1914) American Book Company Morgan, James OUR PRESIDENTS (1930) The Review of Reviews Company And published by arrangement with The Macmillan Company Morison, Samuel Eliot THE OXFORD HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE (1965) Oxford University Press Niblack, William C. TORRENS IN THE UNITED STATES; THE TORRENS SYSTEM ITS COST AND COMPLEXITY (1903) Brown-Cooper Typesetters Co. Native Hawaiians Study Commission NATIVE HAWAIIANS STUDY COMMISSION Volumes I and II (1983) Norton, Thomas James THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Its Sources and Its Application – A Handbook for Citizens and Public Officials; Oath Taken by all Officers elected or Appointed to Civil or Armed Services (1947) America’s Future, Inc. Pukui, Mary Kawena and HAWAIIAN DICTIONARY(1986) University of Elbert, Samuel H. Hawaii Press Sai, David Keanu EVOLUTION OF HAWAIIAN KINGDOM LAW Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Kingdom (1997) (note: bibliography use only – not affiliated) Schmitt, Robert C. THE MISSIONARY CENSUSES OF HAWAII #20 Dept. of Anthropology; Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Spoehr, Anne Harding THE ROYAL LINEAGES OF HAWAII – Bishop Museum Special Publication 84 (1989) Bishop Museum Press Stanley, David MICRONESIA HANDBOOK(1989) Moon Publn. Stone, Irving CLARENCE DARROW FOR THE DEFENSE (1969) New American Library Twain, Mark THE FAMILY MARK TWAIN (1935) Harper and Brothers Publishers Wells, H. C. THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY (1949) Garden City Books Williams, William Appleman THE TRAGEDY OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY (1962)World Publishing Company **************************** THE MASTERS OF CAPITAL by John Moody (1919) Yale University “BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The literature covering special phases of the development and growth of capitalized industry and “high finance” in the United States during the past half century is plentiful enough. Scores of volumes have been written on the Trusts, on particular industries, and special combinations of cpital. But no exhaustive study appears to have been made of the broad trend toward the concentration and control of industry and finance by Wall Street financiers, during the remarkable period culminating in the aggressive antitrust legislation afte the financial crash of 1907. Among the best popular books on the Standard Oil Trust may be mentioned: WEALTH AGAINST COMMON WEALTH by Henry Demarest Lloyd (1894); HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL TRUST, BY S.C.T. Dodd (1894); RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY, BY Gilbert Holland Montague (1903); HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY, by Ida M. Tarbell (1904). To supplement these books, bringing the facts relating to this great business aggregation down to later dates, reference should be made to government exhibits, such as the report of the United States Industrial Commission (1900 and 1902); the testimony in the Supreme Court suit for dissolution (1910 and 1911) and the report of the “Money Trust Investigation” made by the Committee on Banking and Currency of the House of Representatives in 1913. These latter are a real mine of information regarding the activities not only of Standard Oil magnates in business and banking fields, but of others as well during the preceding decade. The story of the Morgan banking house has never been full told, though the LIFE STORY OF J.P. MORGAN, BY Carl Hovey (1911), presents a fair outline. Consult also, FORTY YEARS OF AMERICAN FINANCE, BY Alexander D. Noyes (1909) which contains interesting chapters on the government financing undertaken by the firm. The facts of Edward H. Harriman’s remarkable career can be culled only from the current financial publications of the period. Government reports, such as the testimony in the Supreme Court suit for the dissolution of the Northern Securities Company (1904) and the report of the Committee on Banking and Currency, show the general activities of the Harriman financiers and their connections with Wall Street. The rise to power of the steel and iron magnates and the growth of allied industries have been presented to the public in various forms. A valuable but biased work is the INSIDE HISTORY OF THE CARNEGIE STEEL COMPANY, BY James H. Bridge (1903). THE ROMANCE OF STEEL, BY Herbern N. Casson (1907) is a very readable story. On the specific subject of Wall Street mechanism and finance, THE WORK OF WALL STREET, BY Sereno S. Pratt (1912), ad WALL STREET AND THE COUNTRY, by Charles A. Conant (1904), will be found interesting. THE TRUTH ABOUT THE TRUSTS, by John Moody (1904), is a statistical exhibit of capitalized industry and finance as it existed at the apex of the merger movement. On the general subject of industrial trusts and combinations scores of volumes have been written, some of value and many worthless. Among the informing, popular books of the past two decades may be mentioned: THE STORY OF LIFE INSURANCE by Burton J. Hendrick (1907); TRUSTS, OR INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS AND COALITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY Ernst von Halle (1895); CORPORATION FINANCE, by Thomas L. Greene (1908); THE CONTROL OF TRUSTS, by John B. Clark (1901); TRUST FINANCE, by Edward Sherwood Meade (1903); THE TRUST PROBLEM, by Jeremiah W. Jenks (1900); and INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS AND TRUSTS, by William H. Stevens (1913). But to learn the full story of the great masters of capital of the last generation, one must depend chiefly on financial and investment periodicals. Chief among these are the COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL CHRONICLE, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, and the New York JOURNAL OF COMMERCE. For purely banking subjects, the BANKERS MAGAZINE is the best source of information. For full light on the subject of the control of life insurance funds by the powers of Wall Street, nothing better can be found than the report of the joint committee of the New York Legislature appointed to investigate life insurance companies (1906). The facts regarding the dissolution of the Standard Oil Trust and the American Tobacco Company are to be found in the testimony in the Supreme Court suits against those companies. The best popular description of the panic of 1907 is contained in Alexander D. Noyes’s FORTY YEARS OF AMERICAN FINANCE.” ****************************** ****************************** ********************** Permalink Reply by Amelia Gora on April 10, 2011 at 12:21pm Delete Find more Hawaiian Nation songs at Myspace Music http://www.myspace.com/hawaiination/music/songs/liliuo-free-24868538 Long Live Ko Hawaii Pae Aina......Kamehameha's, King Kalakaua's, Queen Liliuokalani's descendants/heirs, Kanaka Maoli, Aboriginal Hawaiians, Hawaiian Nationals! aloha. …; Added by Amelia Gora at 7:59am on April 24, 2011

Comment on: Topic 'Kaohi: Both my grandparents homes were the houses for Ku'e Protest for they wer…': ee of Safety Committee of Safety (Hawaii) The Committee of Safety, formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety, was a 13-member group of the Hawaiian League also known as the Annexation Club... , which planned for making Hawaii a territory of the United States United States The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district... . In 1893 the Committee of Safety was supported by the U.S. Military in an overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, and the resulting Provisional Government of Hawaii Provisional Government of Hawaii The Provisional Government of Hawaii abbreviated "P.G." was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole... was controlled by Thurston's committee. Thurston headed the commission sent to Washington, DC to negotiate with Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. Harrison, a grandson of President William Henry Harrison, was born in North Bend, Ohio, and moved to Indianapolis, Indiana at age 21, eventually becoming a prominent politician there... for American annexation. Liliuokalani and Crown Princess Victoria Kaiulani Ka'iulani Victoria Kaiulani Kalaninuiahilapalapa Kawekiu i Lunalilo Cleghorn was heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii and held the title of crown princess. Kaiulani became known throughout the world for her intelligence, beauty and determination. After the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893,... also traveled to Washington and made it clear the new government did not have the support of the majority of the Hawaiian population. As news spread of the force used, the proposed treaty met opposition and was not ratified. A century later in the Apology Resolution Apology Resolution Apology Resolution is an informal term used to describe a Joint Resolution of the U.S. Congress adopted in 1993 that "acknowledges that the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and further acknowledges that the Native... of 1993, the U.S. Congress apologized for the involvement of the United States Marine Corps United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for providing force projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver combined-arms task forces. It is one of seven uniformed services of the United States... in the overthrow, and the controversy continues to modern times. In March 1893 Grover Cleveland Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents... became President, and disavowed the treaty. Thurston helped draft another constitution, and the Republic of Hawaii Republic of Hawaii The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands... was declared on July 4, 1894. He appointed Sanford B. Dole Sanford B. Dole Sanford Ballard Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory. Serving as a friend of both Hawaiian royalty and the elite immigrant community, Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture.-Early years:Dole was born... to the office of President of the Republic. A series of attempted revolts called the Wilcox rebellions Wilcox rebellions The Wilcox Rebellions were a plot in 1888, a revolt in 1889, and a counter-revolution in 1895, led by Robert William Wilcox against the governments of Hawaii. He was considered a populist revolutionary and menace to both the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii under King David Kalākaua and the... were defeated during this period. In 1897 William McKinley William McKinley William McKinley, Jr. was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to that office.... became President and Thurston's commission again lobbied for annexation. The Spanish American War in April 1898 increased American interest in the Pacific, due to battles in the Philippines Philippines The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam... . By July 1898 the annexation formed the Territory of Hawaii Territory of Hawaii The Territory of Hawaii was a United States territory that existed from July 7, 1898, until August 21, 1959, when it was admitted to the Union as its fiftieth state, the State of Hawaii.... and Thurston retired from political office to run his business affairs. Business In 1898 he purchased the Pacific Commercial Advertiser newspaper (forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Advertiser Honolulu Advertiser The Honolulu Advertiser was a daily newspaper published in Honolulu, Hawaii. At the time publication ceased on June 6, 2010, it was the largest daily newspaper in the American state of Hawaii. It published daily with special Sunday and Internet editions... ). As principal owner and publisher after 1900, he promoted the sugar and pineapple industries. He headed the Hawaiian Promotion Committee (which evolved into the Hawaii Visitors & Convention Bureau Hawaii Visitors & Convention Bureau The Hawaii Visitors & Convention Bureau is a private, non-profit, 501-C-6 Corporation headquartered in the Waikīkī Business Plaza at 2270 Kalākaua Avenue, Suite 801 Honolulu, Hawaii, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu in Waikīkī... ), but his conservative values objected to the hula Hula Hula is a dance form accompanied by chant or song. It was developed in the Hawaiian Islands by the Polynesians who originally settled there. The chant or song is called a mele. The hula dramatizes or comments on the mele.... which he called "suggestive" and "indecent". His fortunes rose considerably as a result of the 1898 annexation by the United States, since it removed all duties from shipments to the largest market. Thurston is credited with promoting the development of Hawaii's sugar cane plantations and railroads and bringing the first electric street cars to Honolulu. Following World War I World War I World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers... he called for government restrictions on Japanese-language schools, legislation that was ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. Thurston put out a special edition to support the fight to ban billboards in Hawaii. He worked with Wallace Rider Farrington Wallace Rider Farrington Wallace Rider Farrington was the sixth Territorial Governor of Hawaii, serving from 1921 to 1929. Prior to his term, he was editor of the The Honolulu Advertiser and Honolulu Star-Bulletin newspapers.-Life:... and Alexander Hume Ford to hold a world conference of newspaper editors. He was also a volcano enthusiast, starting in his childhood exploring Haleakalā Haleakala Haleakalā , or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui.- History :... on Maui. He would act as an informal tour guide for visitors to the summit, and used oral history to estimate the time of its last eruption. In 1891, he bought and expanded the Volcano House Volcano House A series of hotels known as the Volcano House have been built at the edge of the Kīlauea volcano on the Island of Hawaii. One 1877 building now houses the Volcano Art Center. The hotel in use today was built in 1941 and 1961.-Early visitors:... hotel at the rim of the active Kīlauea Kilauea Kīlauea is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five shield volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaii. It is the most recent of a series of volcanoes that have created the Hawaiian archipelago, as the Pacific Plate moves over the Hawaii hotspot... volcano on the island of Hawaii Hawaii (island) The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island , is a volcanic island in the North Pacific Ocean... . Thurston commissioned a cyclorama Cyclorama For the album by Styx, see Cyclorama ; for the theatrical backdrop, see Cyclorama A cyclorama is a panoramic painting on the inside of a cylindrical platform, designed to provide a viewer standing in the middle of the cylinder with a 360° view of the painting... of Kīlauea which he displayed in his travels to the mainland, including the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition World's Columbian Exposition The World's Columbian Exposition — is the official shortened name for the 'World's Fair: Columbian Exposition,' also known as The Chicago World's Fair — was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. Chicago... of 1893 and the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 The California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894, commonly referred to as the "Midwinter Exposition" or the "Midwinter Fair", was a World's Fair that operated from January 27 to July 5 in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. In 1892, U.S. President Benjamin Harrison appointed M. H... in San Francisco. Thurston eventually made peace with George Lycurgus, who had been an insurgent Insurgent Insurgent, insurgents or insurgency can refer to:* The act of insurgency-Specific insurgencies:* Iraqi insurgency, uprising in Iraq* Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, uprising in India* Insurgency in North-East India... against Thurston's government, and sold him the Volcano House in 1902. He also became friends with early volcanologist Dr. Thomas Jaggar Thomas Jaggar Volcanologist Thomas Augustus Jaggar, Jr. founded the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and directed it from 1912 to 1940.-Life:He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1871, son of an Episcopal Bishop.... in 1909 and raised money to fund the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Hawaiian Volcano Observatory The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kīlauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaii. The observatory monitors four active Hawaiian volcanoes: Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, and Haleakalā... in 1912. He used his newspaper to promote the national park idea and convinced the territorial legislature to fund a group of congressmen to visit Haleakalā and Kīlauea in 1907. The trip included a dinner cooked over active lava vents. He hosted a visit by the Secretary of the Interior James Rudolph Garfield James Rudolph Garfield James Rudolph Garfield was an American politician, lawyer and son of President James Abram Garfield and First Lady Lucretia Garfield.-Early life:... in 1908, and another congressional visit in 1909. He convinced Governor Walter F. Frear Walter F. Frear Walter Francis Frear was a lawyer and judge in the Kingdom of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii, and the third Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1907 to 1913.-Life:... to introduce a resolution supporting the idea, and formed a survey team to propose exact boundaries. His newspaper printed endorsements of the park by President Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt ) was the 26th President of the United States. He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity... (a classmate at Columbia), conservationist John Muir John Muir John Muir was a Scottish-born American naturalist, author, and early advocate of preservation of wilderness in the United States. His letters, essays, and books telling of his adventures in nature, especially in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, have been read by millions... , and powerful Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge was an American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted historian. While he did not claim the title, he is considered to be the first Senate majority leader.-Life and career:... . In 1913 he explored a lava tube Lava tube Lava tubes are natural conduits through which lava travels beneath the surface of a lava flow, expelled by a volcano during an eruption. They can be actively draining lava from a source, or can be extinct, meaning the lava flow has ceased and the rock has cooled and left a long, cave-like... in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916, is a United States National Park located in the U.S. State of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii. It displays the results of hundreds of thousands of years of volcanism, migration, and evolution—processes that thrust a bare land from the sea... that is named after him. The park was finally formed in 1916. He added a preface and published a second edition of his grandmother's book on early missionary life in May 1921. His memoirs were published in a limited edition (along with those of Sanford Dole) after his death in 1931 by his newspaper. The newspaper business was run by his son Lorrin Potter Thurston, whose policy of using the term "Jap" during World War II World War II World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis... pleased the military, but not local readers of Japanese descent. After the war, readership declined and it was taken over in 1962 by Lorrin's grandson Thurston Twigg-Smith Thurston Twigg-Smith -Biography:Twigg-Smith is a fifth generation Hawaii resident. He was born in 1921 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He is the son of William and Margaret Thurston Twigg-Smith , making him the great-great grandson of Asa and Lucy Goodale Thurston as well as Lorrin Andrews — who were pioneer missionaries to the... . In 1992 it was sold to Gannett Company Gannett Company Gannett Company, Inc. is a publicly-traded media holding company based in the United States. It is the largest U.S. newspaper publisher as measured by total daily circulation. Its assets include the national newspaper USA Today and the weekly USA Weekend. Its largest non-national newspaper is The... . Twigg-Smith wrote a book about the overthrow and the role of his grandfather in 1998, and criticizing the modern Hawaiian Sovereignty movement Hawaiian sovereignty movement The Hawaiian sovereignty movement is a nationalist political movement seeking some form of sovereignty for Hawai'i. Generally, the movement's focus is on self-determination and self-governance for people of whole or part Native Hawaiian ancestry or, in some cases, for "Hawaiian nationals", without... . In 1966, a chapel at Punahou School designed by Vladimir Ossipoff Vladimir Ossipoff Vladimir ‘Val’ Ossipoff was an American architect renowned for his works in Hawaii.... was named after Robert Shipman Thurston, Jr. of the class of 1941 who disappeared in World War II World War II World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis... . In the 2009 film Princess Kaiulani, Thurston was portrayed by Barry Pepper Barry Pepper -Early life:Pepper was born in Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada. He spent much of his early life traveling the world in a homemade ship. When Barry was five years old, the family set sail. Pepper and his family navigated through the South Pacific islands for five years. His education was... . The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL. ***************** In 1892, SAMUEL ANDREWS, uncle of Lorrin Thurston conspired with Benjamin Tracy in MAKUA 1892 against Queen Liliuokalani and the Hawaiian Kingdom. ********************* Same Thurston family? SAMUEL ANDREWS family married into the NAOIWI/NAIWI line...........and the KEAWE line, the same KEAWE's who were defrauded by the SHIPMAN'S...............choke unresolved issues......... "I will never forget that Kam III embedded Rice, Ben Parker, Andrews, Cooks, and Castles etc..., my family lives that letters of assurance Anglo style every day. " Meaning?..........I do know that Kam III/Kamehameha III did convey alodio lands as well as freehold lands, or less than alodio to non bloods...... curious............... aloha. p.s. Missionary Ministers descendants are given FREE Schooling at PUNAHOU, etc............that's for real...found that out............perhaps your family could check that out? 3:33Added to queueHAPA performs Haleakala Ku Hanohano (from PBS Special) HAPA performs a song from their DVD "Na Mele...HAPA Maui" by soassociates | 3 years ago | 66,758 views 4:39Added to queueHapa performs Redemption Song (from PBS Special) Supergroup HAPA (Barry Flanagan and Nathan Aweau) perform Redemption Song from their DVD, "Na Mele...HAPA Maui." by soassociates | 3 years ago | 32,221 views 3:37Added to queueHapa - Ka Uluwehi O Ke Kai (studio version) A favorite Hawaiin song. Sorry about problems with the text at the end- 'twas my first time using windows movie maker. by gigantes1966 | 1 year ago | 57,248 views …; Added by Amelia Gora at 11:53am on January 29, 2011

Tribunal Affairs

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Wednesday, September 17, 2014

Tribunal Case(s): Sugar, Pineapple, et. als. Plantations Cases

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